Nieinwazyjny pomiar ilości tkanki tłuszczowej trzewnej metodą ultrasonograficzną — potencjalne zastosowanie w ocenie zaawansowania subklinicznej miażdżycy u mężczyzn z niedoczynnością przysadki i niedoborem hormonu wzrostu

Introduction: Growth hormone (GH) deficiency, either isolated or combined with other pituitary hormone deficiencies, is associated with increased mortality and abnormal body composition, particularly visceral adiposity. We aimed to investigate the effects of GH deficiency with or without sex steroid deficiencies on ultrasonographic visceral fat (VF) and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with hypopituitarism on conventional hormone replacement therapy.Material and methods: Forty hypopituitarism patients (24 women, 16 men; mean age 48 ± 16.1 years) with GH deficiency and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. The patients were stable on conventional hormone replacement but they were not on GH therapy. Patients who had sex steroid replacement were classified as Group 1 (n = 19), and patients who did not use sex steroids were classified as Group 2 (n = 21). Anthropometric measurements were performed. VF in three regions, subcutaneous fat, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were measured. VF volume was calculated by using a formula.Results: Visceral fat volume and mean CIMT were significantly higher in patients than healthy controls (p = 0.001 and 0.019 respectively). Homocysteine and hs-CRP were higher in patients (p < 0.05). In males, VF volume and VF thickness measured between abdominal muscle and splenic vein were significantly correlated with CIMT (r = 0.54, p = 0.047 and r = 0.66, p = 0.010 respectively). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between VF thickness in pararenal region and homocysteine (r = 0.74, p = 0.001) in males.Conclusions: VF volume evaluated by ultrasound can be accepted as a cause of subclinical atherosclerosis in GH deficient hypopituitary patients, particularly males.Wstęp: Niedobór hormonu wzrostu (GH, growth hormone) może występować jako zaburzenie izolowane lub współistnieć z niedoborami innych hormonów przysadki. Wszyscy pacjenci z niedoborem GH są jednak obarczeni większym ryzykiem zgonu i mają nieprawidłowy skład tkanek ciała, z tendencją do otyłości brzusznej. Celem pracy była ocena zależności pomiędzy niedoborem GH, niezależnie od ewentualnego współistnienia niedoborów hormonów płciowych a grubością tkanki tłuszczowej trzewnej (VF, visceral fat) mierzoną metodą ultrasonograficzną oraz czynnikami ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego u pacjentów z niedoczynnością przysadki, leczonych konwencjonalnymi preparatami hormonalnymi.Materiał i metody: Badanie miało charakter przekrojowy i zakwalifikowano do niego 40 pacjentów z niedoczynnością przysadki i niedoborem GH, w tym 24 kobiety, 16 mężczyzn; średni wiek badanych wynosił 48 ± 16,1 lat. Do badania włączono też 15 osób w grupie kontrolnej, dobranych pod względem płci i wieku do osób z grupy badanej. Pacjenci w grupie badanej leczeni byli konwencjonalnie preparatami hormonalnymi, ale nie otrzymywali hormonu wzrostu. Pacjenci leczeni hormonami płciowymi zostali włączeni do grupy 1 (n = 19), a pacjenci nie otrzymujący takich preparatów do grupy 2 (n = 21). U wszystkich wykonano badania antropometryczne. Wykonywano pomiar grubości VF w trzech miejscach, badano grubość podskórnej tkanki tłuszczowej oraz grubość warstwy wewnętrznej i środkowej ściany tętnicy szyjnej (CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness). Objętość VF wyliczano według wzoru.Wyniki: U pacjentów w grupie badanej stwierdzono znamiennie większą objętość trzewnej tkanki tłuszczowej i średnią wartość CIMT w porównaniu z osobami zdrowymi (odpowiednio p = 0,001 i p = 0,019). Stężenie homocysteiny i hs-CRP były również większe w grupie badanej (p < 0,05). U mężczyzn stwierdzono istotną korelację pomiędzy objętością VF i grubością VF mierzoną pomiędzy mięśniami brzucha a żyłą śledzionową a wartością CIMT (odpowiednio r = 0,54 i p = 0,047 oraz r = 0,66 i p = 0,010). Ponadto, u mężczyzn stwierdzono wyraźną zależność pomiędzy grubością VF w okolicy nerek a stężeniem homocysteiny (r = 0,74 i p = 0,001).Wnioski: Objętość VF mierzona ultrasonograficznie może być wykładnikiem subklinicznie toczącej się miażdżycy u pacjentów z niedoborem hormonu wzrostu na skutek niedoczynności przysadki, w szczególności u mężczyzn

Thyroid Gland Hemiagenesis with Multinodular Graves' Disease: A Case Report [Multinoduler Graves' Hastaliginin Eslik Ettigi Tiroid Hemiagenezili Olgu]

Thyroid hemiagenesis (THA) is a rare congenital anomaly. It occurs more frequently in the left lobe and predominantly in women. Most of the cases are asymptomatic. The most frequent associated thyroid disorders with THA are nontoxic nodular goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis whereas association of Graves' disease with THA is very rare. We present a man patient with THA and multinodular Graves' disease. A 47-year-old male was admitted with palpitation, hand tremor, and weight loss, and was found to have overt thyrotoxicosis and high TSH receptor antibody (TRAB) levels in laboratory analysis (TSH=0.04 µIU/ml sT4=1.3 ng/dl sT3=4.5 pg/ml TRAB=35 IU/l ). Thyroid ultrasonography revealed multiple thyroid nodules (largest one 6x11x17 mm in diameter) in the right lobe; the left lobe was not visualized. Tc-99m thyroid scan showed increased uptake of radioisotope in the right lobe, and there was no uptake in the left lobe. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with THA and multinodular Graves' disease, and started on metimazole treatment. Although very rare, Graves' disease may occur in patients with THA, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with hyperthyroidism. [Med-Science 2015; 4(3.000): 2575-83

Increased Lipid Levels Improves after Treatment with Cabergolin in Patients with Prolactinoma

It has been suggested that hyperprolactinemia may be associated with obesity and dyslipidemia. However it is not fully understood that dyslipidemia is occurs independently or due to obesity. The study was aimed to investigate lipid abnormalities and androgen hormone levels before and after cabergolin (CAB) treatment in non- obese premenauposal patients with prolactinoma. This study was a single-centre, prospective, casecontrol study, consisted of 53 patients with symptomatic prolactinoma (group 1) and 57 healty women (group 3). All subjects underwent a physical examination, anthropometric measurement and a 12 hour fasting blood sample for fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. 49 patients with prolactinoma were reevaluated for metabolic parameters after one year of cabergolin treatment (group 2). The median age was 34 (24-38) in group 1, and 33 (27-41) in group 3 (p=0.522). The initially higher body mass index (BMI) in patients with prolactinoma became similar after one year of treatment those with control group (p=0.475). While LDL-C was significanly higher in group 1 than in controls, HDL was significanly lower in group 1. Also post- treatment values of LDL-C (p=0.440) and HDL-C (p=0.612) were not different from the control group. No correlation was found between baseline prolactin levels and FSH, LH, LDL-C, HDL-C (p=0.129, p=0.658, p=0.817, p=0.760 respectively). In conclusion, beneficial metabolic changes were seen in patients with prolactinoma after treatment with cabergoline. Thus considering the metabolic profile and an appropriate treatment goal is important in the clinical management of patients with prolactinoma. [Med-Science 2015; 4(1.000): 1985-92

Predictive Factors of Malignancy in Residual Thyroid Tissue after Partial Thyroidectomy in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Although partial thyroidectomy has lower operative risk, it potentially caries the risk of leaving residual malignancy. The aim of this study was to establish malignancy rate in residual thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who underwent partial thyroid surgery and subsequently had completion thyroidectomy. We also investigated a number of clinical and biochemical factors that may anticipate the presence of malignancy in the thyroid remnant. Data of 58 patients with DTC who underwent completion thyroidectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the residual tissue pathology after completion thyroidectomy; the first group consisted of patients with malignant residual tissue, and the second group consisted of patients with benign residual tissue. Tumor histopathology type and serum thyroglobulin levels before completion thyroidectomy were compared between the two groups. Among 58 patients, 13 (22.4%) patients were found to have malignant residual tissue after completion thyroidectomy. No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to age, serum thyroglobulin level before completion thyroidectomy, primary tumor type, tumor size, bilateralism, multifocality, arterial invasion, thyroid capsular invasion, and extrathyroidal invasion. Residual thyroid volume was higher in patients with malignant residual tissue. In binary logistic regression analysis, residual thyroid volume was the only predictor factor for the presence of malignancy in the thyroid remnant. Malignancy in residual thyroid tissue is not uncommon. Thyroid remnant volume may be predictive of malignancy in residual thyroid tissue. [Med-Science 2015; 4(3.000): 2498-506