Evaluation of Neck-shaft Angle and Anteversion in Dry Femora of Adult Indian Population: A Descriptive Analysis

Aims and background: Proximal femoral angles, specifically the neck-shaft angle (NSA) and anteversion (AV), are pivotal factors in understanding hip joint biomechanics, the changes in different hip pathologies and guiding various orthopedic interventions. Our study aims to evaluate these angles in the subcontinent of India. Materials and methods: A total of 50 dry samples of femora were selected at the Anatomy Department, Madras Medical College. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established based on the study design. The AV and NSA were measured using three methods—direct measurement, biplanar radiography, and axial computed tomography (CT). Comparative analyzes were performed to assess the precision of these measurement techniques. Results: Our study revealed that the X-ray method was the most accurate in measuring the NSA among the three techniques. The measurements of AV were more accurate using the X-ray method than the CT method. Additionally, a prevalence of 20% for retroversion was identified in the Indian population, signifying a higher occurrence compared to prior studies. Conclusion: These findings underscore the critical importance of precise angle measurements in orthopedic hip procedures. The study's data supports informed preoperative planning and the enhancement of orthopedic interventions, particularly in the Indian population. Clinical significance: The study's findings on AV and NSA in the adult Indian population provide significant insights for orthopedic interventions, emphasizing the need for accurate measurements to enhance preoperative planning and optimize surgical outcomes

Comparative Analysis of Surgical Techniques for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Analysis

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in active individuals and athletes, necessitating effective surgical interventions for optimal recovery. There are various techniques available for ACL reconstruction. This prospective study aimed to compare the outcomes of different surgical techniques used in ACL reconstruction. Materials and methods: Patients with diagnosed ACL injuries were randomly assigned to one of three surgical groups: autograft hamstring tendon reconstruction, autograft patellar tendon reconstruction, and allograft reconstruction. Preoperative assessments included clinical evaluations, imaging studies, and functional scoring. Postoperative follow-up assessments were conducted at regular intervals, examining clinical outcomes, graft integrity, and patient-reported functional scores. Statistical analysis employed appropriate tests to compare the groups. Results: Preliminary findings indicate that all three surgical techniques resulted in improved stability and function postoperatively. However, detailed analysis revealed nuances in outcomes, such as differences in recovery time, graft integration, and complication rates among the three groups. Notably, the autograft hamstring tendon reconstruction group demonstrated superior functional scores in the early postoperative period. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the comparative effectiveness of different surgical techniques for ACL reconstruction. While all approaches improved stability and function, nuances in outcomes emphasize the importance of tailoring surgical decisions to individual patient characteristics. Further long-term follow-up and subgroup analyses are warranted to refine recommendations for optimizing ACL reconstruction strategies