Myosin Va interacts with the exosomal protein spermine synthase

Myosin Va (MyoVa) is an actin-based molecular motor that plays key roles in the final stages of secretory pathways, including neurotransmitter release. Several studies have addressed how MyoVa coordinates the trafficking of secretory vesicles, but why this molecular motor is found in exosomes is still unclear. In this work, using a yeast two-hybrid screening system, we identified the direct interaction between the globular tail domain (GTD) of MyoVa and four protein components of exosomes: the WD repeat-containing protein 48 (WDR48), the cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1), the tandem C2 domain-containing protein 1 (TC2N), and the enzyme spermine synthase (SMS). The interaction between the GTD of MyoVa and SMS was further validated in vitro and displayed a Kd in the low micromolar range (3.5 ± 0.5 µM). SMS localized together with MyoVa in cytoplasmic vesicles of breast cancer MCF-7 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines, known to produce exosomes. Moreover, MYO5A knockdown decreased the expression of SMS gene and rendered the distribution of SMS protein diffuse, supporting a role for MyoVa in SMS expression and targeting393CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP478059/2009-4; 486841/2012-0; 457603/2013-5; 309187/2015-088887.137811/2017-002014/09720-9; 2018/04017-9; 2013/08135-2; 2014/00584-5; 2011/20229-7; 2009/14257-8; 2016/10862-8; 2014/03989-6; 2004/08868-0The present work was supported by FAPESP [grant number: 2014/09720-9 (to M.T.M.); grant numbers: 2018/04017-9 and 2013/08135-2 (to E.M.E); grant number: 2014/00584-5 (to L.G.D.); grant number: 2011/20229-7 (to L.H.P.A); grant number: 2009/14257-8 (to A.F.Z.N.); grant number: 2016/10862-8 (to J.S.A); grant number: 2014/03989-6 (to R.M.P.S.J.)]. Grant to multiuser facilities [grant number: 2004/08868-0]; CNPq [grants numbers: 478059/2009-4 and 486841/2012-0 (to M.T.M.), grants numbers: 457603/2013-5 and 309187/2015-0 (to E.M.E)] and CAPES [grant number: 88887.137811/2017-00 (to R.M.P.S.J.

Dynamics and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing on symptomatic individuals attending healthcare centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil

RT-PCR testing data provides opportunities to explore regional and individual determinants of test positivity and surveillance infrastructure. Using Generalized Additive Models, we explored 222,515 tests of a random sample of individuals with COVID-19 compatible symptoms in the Brazilian state of Bahia during 2020. We found that age and male gender were the most significant determinants of test positivity. There was evidence of an unequal impact among socio-demographic strata, with higher positivity among those living in areas with low education levels during the first epidemic wave, followed by those living in areas with higher education levels in the second wave. Our estimated probability of testing positive after symptom onset corroborates previous reports that the probability decreases with time, more than halving by about two weeks and converging to zero by three weeks. Test positivity rates generally followed state-level reported cases, and while a single laboratory performed ~90% of tests covering ~99% of the state's area, test turn-around time generally remained below four days. This testing effort is a testimony to the Bahian surveillance capacity during public health emergencies, as previously witnessed during the recent Zika and Yellow Fever outbreaks

Determinación del efecto inhibitorio de los polifenoles presentes en la fresa (Fragaria vesca L.) sobre la enzima alfa amilasa

REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE FARMACIA Vol. 43, 2002 UN AÑO DE EXPECTATIVAS El 2002 se nos presenta como de grandes expectativas en todos los órdenes del acontecer de la nación venezolana, y del mundo. No obstante, y muy a pesar de los malos presagios que se ciernen sobre nuestro destino, aguardamos con esperanzas y con optimismo los retos que se nos plantean. Por esta razón la Revista de la Facultad de Farmacia continúa en su empeño por fortalecer las bases que han llevado a alcanzar un nombre y un impacto en el acontecer científico regional y nacional, y es así como a partir de este volumen muestra una nueva carátula muy acorde con el dinamismo y la versatilidad que caracterizan estos tiempos de cambios. Nuestras instituciones no son lo que aparentan muchas veces. La imagen corporativa de la universidad se ha visto fuertemente distorsionada como consecuencia de la crisis que nos arropa a todos. Empero, existe de parte de quienes hacemos vida dentro de ella un deseo muy grande de mostrar el otro lado de la moneda; he aquí los resultados. Presentamos once artículos científicos de diversos calibre y densidad, atinentes a disímiles áreas del conocimiento y de la investigación científica. Autores y editores se unen para juntos dar fuerza a un órgano de divulgación que ha sabido ganarse - con constancia y disciplina - un sitial importante en el pedregoso camino de la investigación científica. La labor continúa, y en la medida como podamos aglutinar esfuerzos a favor del desarrollo de la academia, de la ciencia y la tecnología, en esa misma proporción despejaremos el camino hacia el logro del país anhelado, y muchas veces soñado. Prof. Ricardo Gil Otaiza [email protected] CONTENIDO La leucorrea como motivo de consulta en el Ambulatorio Urbano I de Tucaní. Mérida. Venezuela Tania Silva Larralte, Angel Alarcón Silva, María Ramírez de Fernández, Oscar Marino Alarcón Corredor Diseño de etiquetas comerciales para mieles uniflorales Patricia Vit, María Dorania Rosas Borago officinalis L. Ficha botánica de interés apícola en Venezuela, No. 1 Borraja Patricia Vit Lippia alba N.E.Br. Ficha botánica de interés apícola en Venezuela, No. 2 Cidrón Patricia Vit, Bladimiro Silva, Pablo Meléndez Inducción de cataratas experimentales en ratas diabetizadas con estreptozotocina Patricia Vit, Rosa De Jesús, Mileyna Gudiño, Tim Jacob Aporte de estudiantes de Tecnología de Alimentos para un manual de calidad en la producción de pulpa de frutas Patricia Vit, Eliana Cardozo, Dulce Moreno Comparación de los métodos de bioluminiscencia y recuento en placa como control de calidad en producto terminado de bebida de malta y refrescos pasteurizados en una empresa de Bogotá D.C. Cristina Burgos, Liliana Murillo, Isabel Gutiérrez, Janteh Arias Aplicación de un sistema por inyección en flujo a la determinación cuantitativa de astemizol en formas farmacéuticas sólidas Ovalles J., León L., Buchheister M. y Luna J. Guía descriptiva de los barbascos de Venezuela José Armando Rondón Rangel Bioética animal en Venezuela Rosa De Jesús Determinación del efecto inhibitorio de los polifenoles presentes en la fresa (Fragaria vesca L.) sobre la enzima alfa amilasa Miriam Sosa N., Tibisay Pernía S., Liliana Araujo B., Grecia Méndez de C., Diolimar Buitrago, Jackeline Pérez L. Determinación del contenido de aminoácidos libres del agua de coco tierno por HPLC y revisión electrónica sobre la nueva tecnología para el envasado del agua de coco Ovalles J., León L., Vielma R., Medina [email protected]@[email protected]@ula.veNivel analíticosemestra

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field