Ethanolamine oleate versus botulinum toxin in the treatment of idiopathic achalasia

Abstract Background Botulinum toxin (BT) injection reduces lower esophageal sphincter pressure and alleviates symptoms in idiopathic achalasia (IA). Ethanolamine oleate (EO) has also been introduced for the treatment of IA. We compared the long-term effi cacy of BT and EO injections in the treatment of IA

Fatal vanishing bile duct syndrome in Iranian patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma

Key Clinical Message Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) has been postulated that may be related to Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). In the present study, we present a 75‐year‐old male patient with HL who received chemotherapy but has not received any radiotherapy. The patient's condition worsened in further days, and he died with the diagnosis of cirrhosis and hepatic failure