La importancia del modelo sistémico basado en la resiliencia en el trabajo social actual

El trabajo social es una profesión cambiante puesto que trabaja con la sociedad. Actualmente el trabajo social se encuentra en muchas instituciones burocratizado y con dificultades de cubrir las necesidades que manifiestan cada vez más usuarios de instituciones sociales públicas y privadas, además se observa como muchos de esos usuarios son casos cronificados dentro de los sistemas de registro utilizados por los trabajadores sociales. Ante este ambiente de reducciones de prestaciones económicas nace la necesidad de revalorizar la profesión encaminada a un trabajo social más técnico y de mediación, lo cual desde la metodología sistémica y la resiliencia se nos abre un camino hacia la adaptación de la profesión nuevamente acorde a las necesidades de los usuarios. Se trata de abordar las intervenciones desde un trabajo social más técnico y terapéutico de empoderamiento hacia las habilidades y capacidades internas positivas que las personas poseen, desde teorías positivas como la Teoría de las Fortalezas junto a teorías ya conocidas por casi todos los profesionales como la sistémica, entre otras, se nos permite utilizar el término de origen británico de la resiliencia creyendo en los usuarios y siendo guía profesional para encaminar la intervención técnica a modo de mediación mediante la técnica de la entrevista hacia la auto superación exitosa de las dificultades, una capacidad que es innata en las personas pero que en ocasiones el bloqueo generado por la situación de crisis no les deja vislumbrar. Un trabajo social preventivo, además, de empoderamiento positivo y de reducción de la cronificación de los casos, con objetivo indirecto de la revalorización de la profesión de ayuda, el cual se quiere demostrar con este trabajo de investigación cualitativo y de revisión bibliográfica

Coeducación y prevención de la violencia de género, proyecto coeducativo preventivo de la violencia de género

Treball final de Màster Universitari en Igualtat i Gènere en l'Àmbit Públic i Privat (Pla de 2013). Codi: SRM042. Curs acadèmic 2016-201

Assessment of regional development needs according to criteria based on the Sustainable Development Goals in the Meta Region (Colombia)

[EN] When a regional government considers investing funds for the sustainable development of its region, it must consider the real needs of the population and the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The identification of needs should be carried out with the support of local stakeholders representing various social groups. This paper seeks to answer the question of how to guide public investment policies at the local level, such as improving education, health, transportation and others, to better meet the SDGs. To answer this question, a multi-criteria decision-making process is followed, whereby, once the needs are classified by investment areas, they are prioritized based on criteria derived from the SDGs. The problem is complex because of the difficulty of the local stakeholder engagement process and also because of the interrelationships and influences that arise between all the elements of the decision problem: criteria and alternatives. To address this complexity, the Analytical Network Process method combined with DEMATEL will be followed. This process is applied to the case study of the distribution of funds allocated by the Government of Colombia to the Meta Region (Colombia) with the participation of 48 stakeholders to identify needs and the support of six experts in sustainability and project management for their prioritization.Aragonés-Beltrán, P.; González-Cruz, M.; León-Camargo, A.; Viñoles-Cebolla, R. (2023). Assessment of regional development needs according to criteria based on the Sustainable Development Goals in the Meta Region (Colombia). Sustainable Development. 31(2):1101-1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.24431101112131

La vigilancia en España 3 años después de la entrada en vigor de la Ley General de Salud Pública

ResumenEn 2014, el Grupo de Trabajo de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo con el fin de evaluar el desarrollo de la Ley General de Salud Pública, promulgada en España en 2011. Se remitió una encuesta a las 19 comunidades y ciudades autónomas para evaluar la existencia de sistemas de información y otros aspectos de los distintos apartados de vigilancia incluidos en la ley. Todas disponían de un sistema de información para enfermedades transmisibles y en seis para condicionantes sociales; 18 vigilaban al menos una enfermedad crónica y 14 alguno de sus determinantes. El 100% analizaba sistemáticamente la información procedente de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles. Hay margen de mejora para la vigilancia de la salud pública en España. La acción debe ir dirigida a los principales problemas de salud.AbstractIn 2014, the Epidemiological Surveillance Working Group of the Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (Spanish Society of Epidemiology), carried out a descriptive study in order to evaluate the level of development of the Spanish Public Health Law since its enactment in 2011. A survey collecting data on the existence of information systems and other aspects pertaining to each surveillance section included in the law was sent to all 19 autonomous communities and cities. All regional authorities reported the presence of an information system for communicable diseases, and six also reported an information system for social factors. 18 reported that at least one chronic disease was subject to surveillance and 14 confirmed surveillance of some of its determinants. They all systematically analysed the data derived from the communicable diseases. There is room for improvement in Public Health surveillance in Spain, and action should be aimed at the main health problems

The inclusion of the gender perspective in oncology research with Spanish participation

The gender perspective is important for a better diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially in the field of oncology. This study aimed to analyse the gender approach in scientific articles in the field of oncology by studying the gender composition of the authorship of papers and the gender inclusion in the research carried out. A bibliographic search of articles and reviews signed by at least one Spanish institution published between 2010 and 2019 was carried out using the Science Citation Index Expanded database in the Oncology category. A total of 7523 studies were classified according to the gender composition determined by the author’s name and a randomised sample was used to evaluate the inclusion of gender perspectives using a checklist. This study revealed a lack of gender parity in the authorship of oncology publications involving Spanish participation. Papers without author gender parity were eight times higher than papers with parity and showed a greater presence of male than female authorship (58 % versus 31 %). Regarding the introduction of the gender perspective, a negative response of 68 % referring to compliance with the entire checklist was obtained, and only a fifth of the articles presented gender balance in the study sample. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between gender parity in authorship and gender perspective integration in published research. In conclusion, there is a great need to advance the inclusion of gender perspectives in cancer research to overcome gender bias and promote better prevention, detection, and intervention for cancer.This work benefited from the assistance of the Spanish Ministry of Equality (MUJER-PI-41-2-ID22), the National R + D + I of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government (PID2019-108579RB-I00), and the Valencian Regional Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science, and Digital Society. Generalitat Valenciana (AICO/2020/010; CIAICO/2021/205); the 2015- Networks of Excellence Call (CSO2015-71867-REDT), and the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MS21-020)

Thyroid ultrasound examination performed by non-radiologist physicians

Introduction: In the past few years, many non-radiologist physicians have developed interest in thyroid ultrasonography (US). In this paper, as diagnostic imaging experts, we would like to assess the starting points that these non-radiologists should bear in mind before facing the challenge of including US in their daily clinical practice. Material and methods: We made systematic narrative review with bibliographic research on Pubmed. We consulted documents on websites from medical imaging societies such as Sociedad Española de Ultrasonidos (SEUS) and the American College of Radiology. Discussion: We've treated some key topics. First, we've described how the US process should be carried out in a broader sense. Then, we've address some basic technical aspects that should be mastered. Finally, we've focussed on imaging interpretation. We've described a systematic approach of the thyroid gland US examination, and we've briefly discussed the most common thyroid diseases: the thyroid nodule under the TIRADS system perspective, and diffuse thyroid disease. Conclusion: US is nowadays an available imaging technique for non-radiologists, such as the ENT surgeon. However, it's important to rely on training programmes and to perform it rigorously, with appropriate imaging archiving and reporting. ACR -TIRADS system is useful to assess thyroid nodules because it allows us to systematize the decision making process. US is also useful to detect diffuse thyroid disease.Introducción: En los últimos años ha crecido el interés de especialistas no radiólogos por la ecografía de tiroides. Desde nuestro punto de vista como especialistas en imagen, en este artículo repasaremos los puntos de partida que estos especialistas deben de tener en cuenta antes de enfrentarse a la tarea de integrar la ecografía en su práctica diaria. Material y método: Hemos realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos Pubmed. Nos hemos basado asimismo en documentación disponible en la Web de sociedades de imagen médica como la Sociedad Española de Ultrasonografía (SEUS) y el American College of Radiology (ACR). Discusión: Tratamos varios puntos esenciales. En primer lugar, describimos como ha de ser el proceso ecográfico en sentido amplio. Después, abordamos aspectos técnicos básicos que es imprescindible conocer. Finalmente, nos centramos en la interpretación de las imágenes, para lo cual, explicamos el estudio sistemático de la glándula y abordamos brevemente la patología tiroidea más frecuente, el nódulo tiroideo bajo la perspectiva del sistema TIRADS y la enfermedad tiroidea difusa. Conclusión: La ecografía es actualmente una técnica accesible para muchas especialidades. Entre ellos el otorrinolaringólogo puede beneficiarse en su práctica diaria. Es importante, sin embargo, contar con programas de formación y ser rigurosos al realizarla, con correcto archivo de las imágenes y realización de informes. En la valoración del nódulo tiroideo, el sistema ACR-TIRADS es útil para sistematizar su manejo. La ecografía es también útil en la detección de enfermedad tiroidea difusa

Crisis económica y migración ¿Impactos temporales o estructurales?

La reciente crisis global, que para algunos autores ha sido tan o más profunda que la de los años treinta del siglo pasado extendida a un importante conjunto de países en el mundo, podría marcar el inicio de un nuevo patrón de acumulación, y como consecuencia un nuevo patrón migratorio que respondería a las exigencias de los nuevos mercados laborales, conceptos que se encuentran a debate entre los autores del presente libro. Destaca un análisis histórico que sirve de marco para conocer cómo Estados Unidos se desarrolló hasta ser una potencia hegemónica y el papel que desempeñaron los países periféricos como exportadores de materias primas, así como la forma como se articularon los flujos migratorios al responder a los intereses de las corporaciones trasnacionales. Se observa el estudio de la relación México-Estados Unidos en un escenario de crisis bajo la posición diversa de los autores lo que enriquece la discusión acerca de sus causas y posibles formas de enfrentarla, así como sus efectos sobre los mercados de trabajo y los flujos migratorios a los que se encuentran articulados internacionalmente. Se discuten también las repercusiones que ha tenido la crisis sobre la migración internacional de trabajadores, en México, en España y en latinoamérica. Finalmente, se destaca la importancia de la educación y los problemas que enfrentan algunos países ante la falta de absorción de sus profesionales en los mercados laborales internos, situación que genera graves desequilibrios e incrementa la participación de los migrantes con mayores niveles de calificación en respuesta a las nuevas exigencias de los mercados laborales internacionales

Metformin reduces macrophage HIF1α-dependent proinflammatory signaling to restore brown adipocyte function in vitro

© 2021 The Authors.Therapeutic potential of metformin in obese/diabetic patients has been associated to its ability to combat insulin resistance. However, it remains largely unknown the signaling pathways involved and whether some cell types are particularly relevant for its beneficial effects. M1-activation of macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes a paracrine activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) in brown adipocytes which reduces insulin signaling and glucose uptake, as well as β-adrenergic sensitivity. Addition of metformin to M1-polarized macrophages blunted these signs of brown adipocyte dysfunction. At the molecular level, metformin inhibits an inflammatory program executed by HIF1α in macrophages by inducing its degradation through the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity, thereby reducing oxygen consumption in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent manner. In obese mice, metformin reduced inflammatory features in brown adipose tissue (BAT) such as macrophage infiltration, proinflammatory signaling and gene expression, and restored the response to cold exposure. In conclusion, the impact of metformin on macrophages by suppressing a HIF1α-dependent proinflammatory program is likely responsible for a secondary beneficial effect on insulin-mediated glucose uptake and β-adrenergic responses in brown adipocytes.This work was funded by grants RTI2018-094052-B-100 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER) , S2017/BMD-3684 (Comunidad de Madrid, Spain), Fundación Ramón Areces (Spain) and CIBERdem (ISCIII) to A.M.V., grant S2010/BMD-2423 (Comunidad de Madrid, Spain) to M.J.O. and A.M.V., PID2019-106371RB-I00 (MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER) to J.A and PI16/00789 (ISCIII, Spain) to M.A.F.-M. We also acknowledge all members of AMV's laboratory for helpful discussions. M.F. and B.V were supported by Inserm, CNRS, Université de Paris, and Région Ile-de-France. We also acknowledge the EFSD Albert Reynolds travel grant fellowship to V.F

The RS4939827 polymorphism in the SMAD7 GENE and its association with Mediterranean diet in colorectal carcinogenesis

[EN] The objective of our investigation is to study the relationship between the rs4939827 SNP in the SMAD7 gene, Mediterranean diet pattern and the risk of colorectal cancer.We examined 1087 cases of colorectal cancer and 2409 population controls with available DNA samples from the MCC-Spain study, 2008–2012. Descriptive statistical analyses, and multivariate logistic mixed models were performed. The potential synergistic effect of rs4939827 and the Mediterranean diet pattern was evaluated with logistic regression in different strata of of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the genotype. High adherence to Mediterrenean diet was statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. A decreased risk for CRC cancer was observed for the CC compared to the TT genotype (OR = 0.65 and 95% CI = 0.51–0. 81) of the rs4939827 SNP Also, we could show an association between the Mediterranean diet pattern (protective factor) and rs4939827. Although the decreased risk for the CC genotype was slightly more pronounced in subjects with high adherence to Mediterrenean diet, there was no statistically significant synergistic effect between genotype CC and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern factors. The SMAD7 gene and specifically the allele C could be protective for colorectal cancer. An independent protective association was also observed between high adherence Mediterranean diet pattern and CRC risk. Findings form this study indicate that high adherence to Mediterranean diet pattern has a protective role for CRC cancer probably involving the Tumor Growth Factor- β pathway in this cancer.S

Flavonoids and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: An Exploratory Case-Control Study in the MCC-Spain Study

[EN] Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between the dietary flavonoid intake and gastric cancer (GC) risk; however, the results remain inconclusive. Investigating the relationship between the different classes of flavonoids and the histological types and origin of GC can be of interest to the research community. We used data from a population-based multi-case control study (MCC-Spain) obtained from 12 different regions of Spain. 2700 controls and 329 GC cases were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using the mixed effects logistic regression considering quartiles of flavonoid intakes and log2. Flavonoid intake was associated with a lower GC risk (ORlog2 = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.65–0.89; ORq4vsq1 = 0.60; 95%CI = 0.40–0.89; ptrend = 0.007). Inverse and statistically significant associations were observed with anthocyanidins, chalcones, dihydroflavonols and flavan-3-ols. The isoflavanoid intake was positively associated with higher cancer risk, but without reaching a statistical significance. In general, no differences were observed in the GC risk according to the location and histological type. The flavonoid intake seems to be a protective factor against GC within the MCC-study. This effect may vary depending on the flavonoid class but not by the histological type and location of the tumor. Broader studies with larger sample size and greater geographical variability are necessary.S