Gender-Based Analysis of Zones of Tolerance for Transit Service Quality with Emphasis on ITS

Quality service of public transport is an important issue in transit systems as users\u2019 needs and expectations have great relevance in transit modelling and implementation. This explanatory study examines young men and women\u2019s expectations and perceptions regarding the transit quality of service by using the concepts of Zone of Tolerance (ZoT) and adequate and desired levels of service. Due to the critical role of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in public transport service enhancement, specific dimension, which reflects users\u2019 perceptions and expectations over ITS, are also considered. ZoTs for men and women are obtained separately and the results show interesting differences, particularly women\u2019s minimum acceptable and desired levels are higher than men and they have relatively bigger ZoTs

Pipeline Leak Detection and Estimation Using Fuzzy PID Observer

A pipe is a ubiquitous product in the industries that is used to convey liquids, gases, or solids suspended in a liquid, e.g., a slurry, from one location to another. Both internal and external cracking can result in structural failure of the industrial piping system and possibly decrease the service life of the equipment. The chaos and complexity associated with the uncertain behaviour inherent in pipeline systems lead to difficulty in detection and localisation of leaks in real time. The timely detection of leakage is important in order to reduce the loss rate and serious environmental consequences. The objective of this paper is to propose a new leak detection method based on an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) Laguerre fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) observation system. The objective of this paper is to propose a new leak detection method based on an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) Laguerre fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) observation system. In this work, the ARX–Laguerre model has been used to generate better performance in the presence of uncertainty. According to the results, the proposed technique can detect leaks accurately and effectively