Drinking Water Quality I: Effects on Broiler Chicks Performance During Summer Season

Abstract: This experiment was carried out to examine the effects of different sources of water on broiler chick's performance during summer season. Samples of water were taken from different sources (commercial, Nile and well). Physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis of samples revealed that, levels of salinity, hardness, and alkalinity, Ca, Mg, Na and K in the well water were higher than those in the Nile and commercial water. Higher levels of sulphate and chloride were found in the commercial water. Total bacterial count was higher in the Nile water than in the commercial and well water. Water and feed consumption, water/feed consumption ratio, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, final live body weight and mortality rate of broiler chicks were not significantly (P> 0.05) affected by the different sources of water. Commercial water when given to broiler chicks during summer season resulted in significantly higher (P< 0.01) level of plasma potassium and inorganic phosphorous concentrations compared to well water. Nile and well water increased (P< 0.01) calcium concentration of plasma when offered to broiler chicks than did commercial water. Sodium and magnesium concentrations of plasma were not significantly (P> 0.05) affected by different treatments

Glucosinolates, myrosinase hydrolysis products, and flavonols found in rocket (Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia)

Rocket species have been shown to have very high concentrations of glucosinolates and flavonols, which have numerous positive health benefits with regular consumption. In this review we highlight how breeders and processors of rocket species can utilize genomic and phytochemical research to improve varieties and enhance the nutritive benefits to consumers. Plant breeders are increasingly looking to new technologies such as HPLC, UPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS to screen populations for their phytochemical content to inform plant selections. Here we collate the research that has been conducted to-date in rocket, and summarise all glucosinolate and flavonol compounds identified in the species. We emphasize the importance of the broad screening of populations for phytochemicals and myrosinase degradation products, as well as unique traits that may be found in underutilized gene bank resources. We also stress that collaboration with industrial partners is becoming essential for long-term plant breeding goals through research

Determinação de flavonóides em alimentos vegetais consumidos no Brasil

Os alimentos vegetais cujos compostos bioativos apresentam potencial de redução do risco de doenças crônico-degenerativas são assunto constante de pesquisas na área de nutrição e saúde. Os flavonóides são compostos bioativos que apresentam atividade antioxidante devido à sua habilidade em reduzir a formação de radicais livres, entre outros. Este trabalho visa a quantificar os flavonóides presentes nos alimentos vegetais mais consumidos pela população brasileira. Os flavonóides encontrados abundância em todas as variedades de amostras analisadas foram glicosídeos de quercetina. Nas amostras de alface e de pimentão foi observada a presença de quercetina e luteolina juntas. A cebola branca (48 - 56 mg/100 g b.u.), a cebola roxa (40 - 100 mg/100 g b.u.), a alface roxa (67,0 -67,2 mg/100 g b.u), a rúcula (41 - 118 mg/100 g b.u.) e o almeirão (18 - 38 mg/100 g b.u.) foram as amostras nas quais foram encontradas as maiores concentrações de flavonóides totais. A variabilidade no conteúdo de flavonóides foi alta para os vegetais folhosos e cebolas roxas em virtude da influência da sazonalidade. Dentre as frutas, o predomínio de flavonóides totais destacou-se para as variedades de polpa de laranja (35 - 44 mg/100 g b.u.) e de polpa de maçã (14 - 36 mg/100 g b.u.). Nas frutas tropicais foi observado o predomínio das antocianinas no teor de flavonóides totais em polpa de açaí (cerca de 40 mg/100 g b.u .), no epicarpo da jabuticaba (245 mg/100 g b.u.) e na amora in natura (300 mg/100 g b.u .). Esses dados permitem fornecer uma estimativa das fontes de vegetais alimentícios que contribuem com teores elevados de flavonóides além de inferir sobre a ingestão diária de flavonoides pela população brasileira.The flavonoids are bioactive compounds that present antioxidant activity due to their ability of reducing the formation of free radicals. The objective of this work was to quantify the flavonoids present in the vegetable foods most consumed by the Brazilian population. The flavonoids found in the largest abundance in all the vegetables analyzed were the glycosides of quercetin. In lettuce and bell pepper, were also observed the presence of both quercetin and luteolin. The white onion (48 - 56 mg/100 g FW), the purple onion (40 100 mg/100 g FW), the purple lettuce (67,0 mg/100 g FW), the rucula (41 118 mg/100 g FW) and the chicory (18 - 38 mg/100 g FW) were the samples in which the largest concentrations of total flavonoids were found. Variability in flavonoid content due time of harvesting was high high for leafy vegetables and purple onions. ln fruits, the largest concentrations of flavonoids were found in pulp of oranges (35 - 44 mg/100 g FW) and some apple varieties (14 36 mg/100 g FW). ln tropical fruits, the largest concentrations of anthocyanins were found in pulp of açaí (40 mg/100 g FW), in jabuticaba epicarp (245 mg/100 g FW) and in mulberry (300 mg/100 g FW) These data provide a basis for the evaluation of the vegetable foods that contribute with average intake of flavonoids by the Brazilian population

A three-dimensional finite element analysis of Aramany class I obturator fabricated with different alloys

Aim: The aim of the research was to develop a model that accurately represents an Aramany class I defect and its obturator prostheses fabricated with cobalt–chromium alloy and titanium alloy to compare the deflection and the stress distribution in the rehabilitated area. Materials and Methods: Aramany class I defect and the obturator prostheses were generated geometrically using ANSYS 14.5; both were superimposed on each other to mimic the prostheses and the maxilla as one unit. Meshing of models was carried out using hypermesh software and materialistic properties were assigned. The 120 newton load was constituted on the teeth in different directions. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis of Finite element was not possible. Self-explanatory decoding results in the software were used. Results: The stress distribution and deflection executed by ANSYS provided results that enabled the tracing of Von Mises stress and deflection field in the form of color-coded bands with values in mega pascal. Conclusions: The study shows that Von Mises stresses are higher for the frame work fabricated with cobalt–chromium alloy compared to titanium alloy. The framework made of titanium alloy showed more deflection than cobalt–chromium alloy