The Use of a Disclosing Agent During Resective Periodontal Surgery for Improved Removal of Biofilm

A total removal of the bacterial deposits is one of the main challenges of periodontal therapy. A surgical approach is sometimes required in order to allow a correct access to the areas not thoroughly reached during the initial therapy. The present study focuses on the surgical scaling effectiveness in root deposits removal; the potential support of a disclosing agent during this procedure is also evaluated. Forty surgical periodontal patients were randomly divided between surgeries where the operator was informed about a final examination of the residual root deposits and surgeries where the operator was not informed. Straight after scaling procedures a supervisor recorded the O’Leary Plaque Index of the exposed roots by mean of a disclosing agent and the percentage of teeth with residual biofilm. After the stained deposits removal, a second chromatic examination was performed and new data were collected. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test for paired samples were used for comparisons respectively between the two surgery groups and the first and the second chromatic examination; one-sided p-value was set at 0.05. At first examination no significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding Plaque Index (p=0.24) and percentages of teeth with residual biofilm (p=0.07). The 100% removal of roots deposits was never achieved during the study but a significant reduction of 80% of root deposits was observed between first and second examination (p=0.0001). Since root deposits removal during periodontal surgery resulted always suboptimal, the use of a disclosing agent during this procedure could be a useful and practical aid

Discovery of thermonuclear (Type I) X-ray bursts in the X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814 observed with NICER and NuSTAR

Swift J1858.6-0814 is a recently discovered X-ray binary notable for extremely strong variability (by factors of >100 in soft X-rays) in its discovery state. We present the detection of five thermonuclear (Type I) X-ray bursts from Swift J1858.6-0814, implying that the compact object in the system is a neutron star (NS). Some of the bursts show photospheric radius expansion, so their peak flux can be used to estimate the distance to the system. The peak luminosity, and hence distance, can depend on several system parameters; for the most likely values, a high inclination and a helium atmosphere, D = 12.8(-0.6)(+0.8) kpc, although systematic effects allow a conservative range of 9-18 kpc. Before one burst, we detect a QPO at 9.6 +/- 0.5 mHz with a fractional rms amplitude of 2.2 +/- 0.2 per cent (0.5-10 keV), likely due to marginally stable burning of helium; similar oscillations may be present before the other bursts but the light curves are not long enough to allow their detection. We also search for burst oscillations but do not detect any, with an upper limit in the best case of 15 per cent fractional amplitude (over 1-8 keV). Finally, we discuss the implications of the NS accretor and this distance on other inferences which have been made about the system. In particular, we find that Swift J1858.6-0814 was observed at super-Eddington luminosities at least during bright flares during the variable stage of its outburst

The Changing-look Optical Wind of the Flaring X-Ray Transient Swift J1858.6-0814

We present the discovery of an optical accretion disk wind in the X-ray transient Swift J1858.6-0814. Our 90-spectrum data set, taken with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias telescope over eight different epochs and across five months, reveals the presence of conspicuous P-Cyg profiles in He i at 5876 A and Hα. These features are detected throughout the entire campaign, albeit their intensity and main observational properties are observed to vary on timescales as short as 5 minutes. In particular, we observe significant variations in the wind velocity, between a few hundreds and ∼2400 km s; -1. In agreement with previous reports, our observations are characterized by the presence of frequent flares, although the relation between the continuum flux variability and the presence/absence of wind features is not evident. The reported high activity of the system at radio waves indicates that the optical wind of Swift J1858.6-0814 is contemporaneous with the radio jet, as is the case for the handful of X-ray binary transients that have shown so far optical P-Cyg profiles. Finally, we compare our results with those of other sources showing optical accretion disk winds, with emphasis on V404 Cyg and V4641 Sgr, since they also display strong and variable optical wind features as well as similar flaring behavior.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto Argentino de Radioastronomí

Purification of polyphenol oxidase from borage (Trachystemon orientalis L.) by using three-phase partitioning and investigation of kinetic properties

PMID = 2766492

A novel serine protease from strawberry (Fragaria ananassa): Purification and biochemical characterization

PMID = 2960188

Lise Öğrencilerinin Şiddet Algıları Şiddet Eğilim Düzeyleri ve Etkileyen Faktörler

Objectives: Violence is gradually increasing in our country despite precautions taken and disciplinary rules. From past to present, fighting among students and damage to school property in the elementary and high school periods have been reported. Yet, in recent years, violence of different levels and type has reached a new dimension that should be a cause of concern to not only parents and educators but society in general. The reality that violence experienced at schools affects the student’s life quality and level of success is important and should not be ignored. In this regard, this research was conducted in order to determine the high school student’s experiences with violence and means of avoiding it, their level of tendency to violence and the effective factors. Methods: After obtaining the necessary permissions, this descriptive research was carried out with students (N=460) studying in a high school in Kuşadası, a subsidiary of the city of Aydın. No sampling choice was used. The participation rate was 78.3% (360 students). “Student Identification Form” and “Violence Tendency Scale (VTS)” were used in the research. Data were evaluated using number-percentage distribution, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test analysis. Results: It was determined that 10.3% of the students were exposed to violence and more than half of these students (51.4%) experienced this violence from friends at school. The most frequent type of violence was stated as “physical” and the perceived source as “beating”. The students’ VTS average score was 44.08;plusmn;12.48. It was determined that the factors affecting tendency to violence were the students’ gender, their grade level, their family’s level of income, and their father’s employment status. Conclusion: Although the students reported little exposure to violence, their tendency to violence was at medium level, they comprise a group at risk of violence, and the student’s economic situation in addition to gender, grade level and paternal unemployment were the effective factors in the tendency to violence.Amaç: Ülkemizde şiddet olayları okullarda giderek artmakta ve alınan önlemler disiplin kurallarının dışına çıkmamaktadır. Geçmişten bugüne ilköğretim ve lise yıllarında pek çok kez kavga eden, okul eşyalarına zarar veren öğrencilere rastlanmıştır. Ancak son yıllarda farklı düzeylerde ve türdeki şiddet, anne babalar ve eğitimcilerin yanısıra toplumun genelini kaygılandıracak boyuta ulaşmıştır. Okullarda yaşanan şiddetin, öğrencinin yaşam kalitesini ve başarı düzeyini etkilediği gerçeği göz ardı edilemeyecek kadar önemlidir. Bu gerekçelerden hareketle, bu araştırma lise öğrencilerinin şiddetle karşılaşma ve şiddeti algılama durumlarını, şiddet eğilim düzeylerini ve bunu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma, gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra, Aydın iline bağlı Kuşadası ilçesinde bir lisede okuyan öğrencilerle (n=460) yürütüldü. Örneklem seçimine gidilmemiştir. Evrenin %78.26’sına (360 öğrenci) ulaşıldı. Araştırmada “Öğrenci Tanıtım Formu” ve “Şiddet Eğilim Ölçeği (ŞEÖ)” kullanıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi sayı-yüzde dağılımı, Mann Whitney-U testi ve Kruskal Wallis test analizleriyle yapıldı. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %10.3’ünün şiddete maruz kaldığı ve bu öğrencilerin yarısından fazlasının (%51.4) bu şiddeti arkadaşları tarafından okulda yaşadığı saptandı. En yüksek oranda şiddet türü “fiziksel şiddet”, algılanan şiddet kaynağı “dayak” olarak belirtilmiştir. Öğrencilerin ŞEÖ puan ortalaması 44.08±12.48 idi. Şiddet eğiliminde etkili faktörlerin ise öğrencilerin cinsiyeti, bulundukları sınıf, ailenin gelir düzeyi ve babanın çalışma durumu olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin şiddet deneyimlerinin az olmasına karşın, şiddet eğilimlerinin orta düzeyde olduğu, şiddet yaşama konusunda risk grubu oluşturduğu, cinsiyetin, sınıfın, babanın işsiz olmasının yanı sıra ekonomik durumun şiddet eğiliminde etkili faktörler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır