Utilização de substratos orgânicos na produção de mudas de mamoeiro Formosa.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de substratos orgânicos sobre o crescimento inicial do mamoeiro ‘Formosa’. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos: solo, composto orgânico, húmus de minhoca e esterco bovino, e quatro repetições. O húmus de minhoca proporcionou valores mais elevados para número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro caulinar, área foliar, massa seca do caule, massa seca da raiz e massa seca das folhas. Não houve diferenças significativas entre húmus de minhoca e composto orgânico para as três últimas variáveis. O esterco bovino não diferiu da testemunha para número de folhas, diâmetro caulinar, massa seca do caule, massa seca das folhas, comprimento da raiz e área foliar. Este substrato foi mais responsivo apenas para comprimento da raiz, não diferindo do composto orgânico. Sendo assim, o substrato preparado com húmus de minhoca foi o que proporcionou os maiores valores para o crescimento inicial do mamoeiro

MOIRÉ OPTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATION OF CASHEW NUTS (Anacardium Occidentale, L.) ISOSTRAIN

A figure corresponding to 96% of the Brazilian production of cashew nuts is forwared to industrial processing yielding only 50 to 60% of whole kernels. An appropriated knowledge of nut mechanical behavior would be important to support the development of equipment designed to minimize losses during processing.  The nut shell is composed of three layers identified as the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp, which exhibit distinct behavior beyond mechanical excitations. An important class of mechanical loading is recognized to be the contact stress which is generated from the pressure exerted among two elastic bodies in contact. However the structural as well as the geometrical complexity of the nut deserves a suitable methodology to investigate stress distribution in cashew nuts. Shadow moiré technique was identified to support a suitable stress analysis method for the present case. Ten individuals were submitted to the trials, being 05 scarified nuts and 05 non scarified. A conventional optical setup was prepared to support a shadow moiré test. It was observed close correlation between external and internal load distribution. The technique was showed to be efficient to obtain a qualitative correlation of deformation distribution in the endocarp, as well as in the epicarp

Sobre a Interpolação e o Uso nas Atividades do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Astronomia

Astronomy represents an area of scientific knowledge that constantly works with numericaldata, derived from observations (spectroscopy, photometry, polarimetry) or from physical-mathematical models. Therefore, analyzing and interpreting data of a scientific nature ob-tained from graphs and/or tables represents a very common task for the astronomer. Often,there is a need to know, for example, the coordinate of an object for a certain date (year,month, day, hour, minute and second) of observation. In other cases, during the acquisi-tion phase, extraneous processes can happen and cause the partial or total commitment ofthe desired astronomical information, which can harm a later analysis (local or global) ofthe phenomenon studied. As the Interpolation method represents a topic of study that ispart of the training process for future Masters of the Postgraduate Program in Astronomy,Professional Master’s in Astronomy (MPASTRO) of the Physics Department of UEFS, weconsider it appropriate to present a small contribution on the Interpolation method in thecontext of Astronomy. An analysis is also carried out on the skills provided for in the BNCC(National Curricular Common Base).A Astronomia representa uma área do conhecimento científico que trabalha constantemente com dados numéricos, oriundos de observações (espectroscopia, fotometria, polarimetria) ou de modelos físico-matemáticos. Portanto, analisar e interpretar dados de natureza científica obtidos a partitr da leitura de gráficos e/ou tabelas representa uma tarefa bastante comum para o(a) astrônomo(a). Muitas vezes, existe a necessidade de se conhecer, por exemplo, a coordenada de um objeto para uma certa data (ano, mês, dia, hora, minuto e segundo) de observação. Em outros casos, durante a fase de aquisição, processos alheios podem acontecer e ocasionar o comprometimento, parcial ou total, da informação astronômica desejada, o que pode prejudicar uma posterior análise (local ou global) do fenômeno estudado. Como o método de Interpolação representa um tema de estudo que faz parte do processo de formação dos futuros mestres do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Astronomia, Mestrado Profissional em Astronomia (MPASTRO) do Departamento de Física da UEFS, julgamos apropriado apresentar uma pequena contribuição sobre o método de Interpolação no contexto da Astronomia. Uma análise também é feita nas habilidades previstas na BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Development and evaluation of a peanut hulling machine.

Visando oferecer alternativas tecnológicas para aumentar a capacidade de trabalho e reduzir custos de produção dos pequenos e médios produtores de amendoim da região Nordeste e, em particular, do produtor da região semi-árida paraibana, desenvolveu-se uma máquina descascadora de amendoim, partindo-se do princípio de funcionamento de uma máquina por acionamento manual desenvolvida na Embrapa Algodão, Campina Grande, PB. O protótipo idealizado tem o acionamento mecânico e é composto, basicamente, dos seguintes componentes: chassi confeccionado em cantoneiras de ferro, para sustentação dos demais mecanismos; motor elétrico de 3 cv para acionamento dos dispositivos de descascamento e limpeza da máquina; sistema de descascamento composto por moega alimentadora, um cilindro alimentador, um semi-cilindro descascador dotado de grampos galvanizados e uma tela côncava semi-cilíndrica; sistema de limpeza com ventilador e comporta, para regulagem de ar, condutos de fluxo de ar e de transporte da casca, transportador da semente através de uma calha em declive; sistema de transmissão composto por polias de diferentes tamanhos, correias trapezoidais e braço de acionamento do semi-cilindro descascador. Em testes de avaliação utilizando-se amostras de amendoim com teor de umidade de 9,67% b.s., nas distâncias de 11, 16 e 21 mm de abertura da tela côncava, em relação ao semicilindro descascador e com combinações de rotações do motor de 60, 80 e lOOrpm, o equipamento apresentou capacidade média operacional de 257 a 384 kg/h de trabalho efetivo, eficiência de descascamento de 97% e quebra de sementes abaixo de 1%.Aiming to offer technological alternatives to magnify the work capacity and to reduce costs of production of the small and medium peanut agriculturist of the Northeast region, in particular, of the agriculturist in the Semi-Arid region of the Paraíba State, a peeling machine of peanut has been developed, starting up from the principles of functioning of a machine for manual drive developed by Embrapa (a national company for agriculture research) in Campina Grande, PB. The idealized archetype has a mechanical drive and is composed basically, of the following components: Chassis made of angle-irons, for sustentation of the others mechanisms; electric engine (3 cv) for peanut peeling and for the cleaning devices of the machine; a peeling system composed of a feeding tank, a feeding cylinder, a peeling semi-cylinder endowed with galvanized cramps and a semi-cylindrical concave screen; system of cleanness with fan and locks for air regulation, conduits for air stream and for rind transportation, grain carrier (composed of a downhill gutter); transmission system composed of pulleys of different sizes, trapezoidal belts and a rod for driving the peeling semi-cylinder. In evaluation tests, using samples of peanut with 9.67% of humidity d.b., considering 11, 16 and 21 mm of aperture of the concave screen, in relation to the peeling semi-cylinder and with a set of rotations of 60, 80 and 100 rpm, the equipment presented an operational average capacity of 257 to 384 kg/h of effective work, peeling efficiency of 97% and break of seeds below 1%.Cape