Percepção de enfermeiras obstetras sobre o modelo e prática assistencial em uma maternidade filantrópica

Objective: to identify the perception of obstetric nurses about the healthcare model and practice in a philanthropic maternity hospital. Method: qualitative study of 13 obstetric nurses working in a Minas Gerais maternity hospital. Researchers used semi-structured interviews for data collection which took place from September 2015 to February 2016. Data analysis used content analysis. Results: the following categories emerged: Performance based on humanization and good practices; Professional autonomy; Professional mentoring during decision making; Teamwork and Performance Model. Discussion: research revealed that nurses are autonomous and work as a team; they did not single out a healthcare model and identified work demand and technocratic model as obstacles. Final considerations: management support is important for the professionals’ performance since it contributes to autonomy at work. Despite the progress made, there are still challenges both in terms of staff and communication, as well as management support.Objetivo: conocer la percepción de las enfermeras obstétricas sobre la práctica y el modelo de atención en una maternidad de beneficencia. Método: estudio cualitativo con 13 enfermeras obstétricas de una maternidad de Minas Gerais; los datos, recogidos de septiembre de 2015 a febrero de 2016 en entrevistas semiestructuradas, se analizaron según el análisis de contenido. Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías: Desempeño basado en la humanización y en las buenas prácticas; Autonomía para trabajar; Coaching para la toma de decisiones; Trabajo en equipo y Modelo de desempeño. Discusión: las enfermeras actúan con autonomía, en equipo, no mencionaron ningún modelo de atención; la demanda de servicios y el modelo tecnocrático representaban obstáculos. Consideraciones finales: el respaldo de la gerencia es fundamental para el desempeño profesional y contribuye a que se trabaje con autonomía. Aún hay retos por superar, tanto a nivel de equipos y comunicación como de respaldo de la gerencia.Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de enfermeiras obstetras sobre o modelo e prática assistencial em uma maternidade filantrópica. Método: estudo qualitativo com 13 enfermeiras obstetras que trabalham em uma maternidade mineira, coleta de dados de setembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, utilizando-se Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram com categorias:  Atuação pautada na humanização e nas boas práticas; Autonomia para atuar; Profissional de referência para tomada de decisões; Atuação em equipe e Modelo de atuação. Discussão: verificou-se que as enfermeiras atuam com autonomia em equipe, não nomeiam um modelo de assistência e apontam a demanda de serviço e o modelo tecnocrático como dificultadores. Considerações finais: apoio e suporte dos gestores são importantes para a atuação das profissionais, contribuindo para um trabalho autônomo. Apesar dos avanços, ainda há desafios a serem superados tanto no âmbito da equipe e comunicação, quanto do suporte dos gestores

Ixodíase revelado pelo exame dermatoscópico: Relato de Caso

A ixodíase é uma zoodermatose causada pela picada de ixodídeos. Dos ixodídeos existentes no Brasil, o gênero mais frequente é o Amblyomma, com várias espécies, sendo a mais encontrada a A.cajennense. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que, após 2 dias que retornou da fazenda, iniciou com intenso prurido, aparecimento de inúmeras pápulas eritematosas purpúricas com crosticulas, sendo visualizado à dermatoscopia o carrapato

Uso de álcool durante tratamento medicamentoso

Introdução: Este trabalho aborda a combinação delicada de álcool e medicamentos, destacando os efeitos prejudiciais do álcool no sistema nervoso central e nos órgãos do corpo. O álcool passa por um complexo processo metabólico após a ingestão, afetando a absorção, distribuição, metabolismo e excreção de medicamentos. Essas interações podem comprometer a eficácia do tratamento e aumentar os riscos à saúde, enfatizando a necessidade de conscientização entre profissionais de saúde e pacientes. Evitar o álcool durante o uso de medicamentos é uma escolha sensata e protetora. Metodologia: Este trabalho é uma revisão de literatura com base em artigos de 2019 a 2023, em português, espanhol e inglês, obtidos das plataformas SciELO e PubMed. Foram incluídos textos completos, teses, dissertações, capítulos de livros, monografias e artigos em revistas e periódicos científicos. Foram utilizados descritores em saúde (DeCS) como "Álcool", "Tratamento" e "Medicamento" para avaliação dos textos. Resultados: O álcool tem efeitos prejudiciais no sistema nervoso central e nos órgãos, variando entre indivíduos. Sua absorção ocorre no intestino delgado e no estômago. O álcool afeta diversos órgãos, contribuindo para doenças ou interferindo nos efeitos dos medicamentos. No cérebro, estimula a liberação de serotonina, afetando o humor. No estômago, altera a mucosa e aumenta a produção de ácido gástrico. O álcool também pode inibir a ação do hormônio antidiurético (ADH), aumentando o volume urinário. As interações entre álcool e medicamentos podem ser farmacocinéticas, absortivas, biotransformativas, excretoras ou hipoglicemiantes. Elas impactam a absorção, distribuição, metabolismo e excreção de medicamentos, podendo resultar em efeitos indesejados. Conclusão: O uso combinado de álcool e medicamentos representa um sério risco à saúde e à vida. O álcool tem efeitos prejudiciais e interage de várias maneiras com medicamentos. Profissionais de saúde e pacientes precisam estar cientes desses perigos. Consultas médicas e uso responsável de medicamentos são fundamentais para a eficácia do tratamento e a proteção dos pacientes. Evitar o álcool durante o tratamento é a decisão mais segura e prudente para preservar a vida e o bem-estar

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ