Nonmonotonic dependence of the absolute entropy on temperature in supercooled Stillinger-Weber silicon

Using a recently developed thermodynamic integration method, we compute the precise values of the excess Gibbs free energy (G^e) of the high density liquid (HDL) phase with respect to the crystalline phase at different temperatures (T) in the supercooled region of the Stillinger-Weber (SW) silicon [F. H. Stillinger and T. A. Weber, Phys. Rev. B. 32, 5262 (1985)]. Based on the slope of G^e with respect to T, we find that the absolute entropy of the HDL phase increases as its enthalpy changes from the equilibrium value at T \ge 1065 K to the value corresponding to a non-equilibrium state at 1060 K. We find that the volume distribution in the equilibrium HDL phases become progressively broader as the temperature is reduced to 1060 K, exhibiting van-der-Waals (VDW) loop in the pressure-volume curves. Our results provides insight into the thermodynamic cause of the transition from the HDL phase to the low density phases in SW silicon, observed in earlier studies near 1060 K at zero pressure.Comment: This version is accepted for publication in Journal of Statistical Physics (11 figures, 1 table

Audio Signature for Song Identification

No Abstrac

Emotion Generation using LPC Synthesis

S speech synthesis means artificial production of human speech . A system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer . The most important qualities of a speech synthesis system are naturalness and intelligibility . Naturalness describes how closely the output sounds like human speech, while intelligibility is the ease with which the ou tput is understood. Emotion is an important element in expressive speech synthesis. T his paper describes LPC analysis and synthesis technique . The LPC s are analyse d for each speech segmen t and pitch p eriod is detected . At synthesis the speech samples equal to the samples in one pitch period are reconstructed using LPC inverse synthesis. Thus by using LPC Synthesis we can implement pitch modification or duration modification or spectrum modification to introduce emotion in the neutral speech, such as happiness or anger

Chlorination as Drinking Water Disinfection Technique and Disinfection by Products: A Scientometric Analysis

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2015, defined to achieve a better and more sustainable future, contains goal number 6 related to safe and affordable drinking water facility for all till 2030. The rural and remote areas in the developing countries predominantly face the scarcity of pathogen free drinking water leading to water borne diseases and deaths due to consumption of contaminated water indicating a need of advancement in the drinking water disinfection techniques. The paper discusses scientometric analysis of publication trends in chlorination as a popular disinfection techniques and research related to the Disinfection By Products (DBPs) that are produced due to the reaction between the disinfectant and naturally occurring organic matter in water. The analysis of the existing SCOPUS database from year 2000 to 2020, indicates total of 1279 journal articles, 138 conference proceedings, 88 review papers, and 57 other documents, with the key words ‘drinking water, disinfection, and chlorination’. As per the analysis, United States and China presented maximum publications related to drinking water disinfection using chlorination treatment. The analysis of literature also indicates that there is huge amount of literature related to the formation of alternative DBPs and their hazardous effects on human health. However, as per scopus database only three research documents are registered till date for the removal techniques of DBPs produced after the disinfection process, indicating a need of further research in this area. The literature also suggests the need to engender new technology or optimize the existing technology for minimizing the formation of DBPs

Lateritic Plateaus in the Northern Western Ghats, India; a Review of Bauxite Mining Restoration Practices

In global consequences of rapidly changing climate and increased amphibian population decline, mapping amphibian diversity in biodiversity hotspots is essential. In this study we have systematically studied anurans of Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary in terms of species diversity, population structure, threat status and distribution. We recorded a total of 22 anuran species, of which 11 species are endemic to Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Family Dicroglossidae was found to be more species-rich. Spatial and temporal variation in anuran diversity was observed by using Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Most of the endemic and threatened anuran species are found to be associated with evergreen undisturbed forest patches. Habitat parameters like humidity, forest type, canopy coverage, riparian canopy coverage, stream persistence and litter depth are found to be major variables governing species diversity and distribution. Major anthropogenic threats to amphibians of Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary are discussed along with future conservation objectives. With range extension of species like Fejervarya caperata and Minervarya sahyadris further north in the Western Ghats, taxonomic ambiguities recorded during study are discussed briefly

Recovering missing data on satellite images

International audienceData Assimilation is commonly used in environmental sciences to improve forecasts, obtained by meteorological, oceanographic or air quality simulation models, with observation data. It aims to solve an evolution equation, describing the dynamics, and an observation equation, measuring the misfit between the state vector and the observations, to get a better knowledge of the actual system's state, named the reference. In this article, we describe how to use this technique to recover missing data and reduce noise on satellite images. The recovering process is based on assumptions on the underlying dynamics displayed by the sequence of images. This is a promising alternative to methods such as space-time interpolation. In order to better evaluate our approach, results are first quantified for an artificial noise applied on the acquisitions and then displayed for real data

Loss of Dugong grass [Halophila ovalis (R. Brown)] population structure due to habitat disturbance in an island ecosystem

115-121Seagrass ecosystems are lost due to habitat disturbance, coastal development, and human activities. The impact of boat anchors from traditional fishing and recreational activities was assessed on the seagrass Halophila ovalis from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) of India. The plant density, biomass, morphometrics, canopy height and percentage cover were estimated from two sites of Govind Nagar beach of ANI. The shoot density of H. ovalis was reduced by physical damage caused by boat anchors. The morphometrics of H. ovalis, such as the number of leaves per ramet, leaf length, width, and horizontal rhizome length was significantly reduced when impacted by boat anchors. Seagrass canopy height and percentage cover were reduced by 71 and 54 %, respectively. Though the impact of boat anchors reported here is on a small-scale, it may impact the feeding grounds of locally endangered dugongs. Therefore, proper management and preventive measures should be implemented to prevent the loss of dugong grass habitats from tourism, recreational, and fishing activities