The Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Nocturnal Hypoxemia with Lipid Profiles in a Population-Based Study of Community-Dwelling Australian Men

Objective: To determine the association of obstructive sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoxemia with serum lipid profiles in unselected community-dwelling men. Methods: Cross-sectional data from participants of the Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study (n=753) who underwent full in-home polysomnography (Embletta X100) was used. Triglycerides, high- (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol were assessed on a fasting morning blood sample. Multivariable linear regression analyses assessed associations between lipids and continuous measures of nocturnal hypoxemia (oxygen desaturation index (3%) (ODI), apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and rapid eye movement sleep apnea–hypopnea index (REM-AHI)), adjusted for chronic conditions, risk behavior and sociodemographic factors. Sensitivity analyses examined the effect of lipid lowering therapies on reported estimates. Effect modification was examined through stratification by waist circumference groups. Results: In 753 participants with mean (SD) age of 60.8 (10.9) years and waist circumference: 99.3 (11.6) cm, the prevalence of OSA (AHI≥10) was 52.6%. Overall, no significant associations between OSA metrics and lipid measures were found. Similarly, sensitivity analysis excluding lipid lowering therapies showed no significant associations. In analysis stratified by waist circumference (100cm), ODI (3%, unstandardized B: 0.027, 95% CI: 0.015–0.040), AHI (0.023, 0.012–0.033) and AHIREM (0.012, 0.001–0.022) were positively associated with serum triglycerides in participants with a normal waist circumference (<95cm). Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea metrics were positively associated with serum triglyceride levels in men with a normal waist circumference. Healthy weight individuals with OSA require clinical attention to improve cardiometabolic risk profiles.Layla B Guscoth, Sarah L Appleton, Sean A Martin, Robert J Adams, Yohannes A Melaku, Gary A Witter

Association between multimorbidity and undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea severity and their impact on quality of life in men over 40 years old

Background:Multimorbidity is common but little is known about its relationship with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods:Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress Study participants underwent polysomnography. Chronic diseases (CDs) were determined by biomedical measurement (diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity), or self-report (depression, asthma, cardiovascular disease, arthritis). Associations between CD count, multimorbidity, apnea-hyponea index (AHI) and OSA severity and quality-of-life (QoL; mental & physical component scores), were determined using multinomial regression analyses, after adjustment for age. Results:Of the 743 men participating in the study, overall 58% had multimorbidity (2+ CDs), and 52% had OSA (11% severe). About 70% of those with multimorbidity had undiagnosed OSA. Multimorbidity was associated with AHI and undiagnosed OSA. Elevated CD count was associated with higher AHI value and increased OSA severity. Conclusion:We demonstrate an independent association between the presence of OSA and multimorbidity in this representative sample of community-based men. This effect was strongest in men with moderate to severe OSA and three or more CDs, and appeared to produce a greater reduction in QoL when both conditions were present together.G. Ruel, S. A. Martin, J.-F. Lévesque, G. A. Wittert, R. J. Adams, S. L. Appleton, Z. Shi and A. W. Taylo

Associations of baseline obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture with cognitive function after 8 years in middle‐aged and older men from a community‐based cohort study

OnlinePublPrevious prospective studies examining associations of obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture with future cognitive function recruited older participants, many demonstrating baseline cognitive impairment. This study examined obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture predictors of visual attention, processing speed, and executive function after 8 years among younger community-dwelling men. Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study participants (n = 477) underwent homebased polysomnography, with 157 completing Trail-Making Tests A and B and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Associations of obstructive sleep apnea (apnea– hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and hypoxic burden index) and sleep macroarchitecture (sleep stage percentages and total sleep time) parameters with future cognitive function were examined using regression models adjusted for baseline demographic, biomedical, and behavioural factors, and cognitive task performance. The mean (standard deviation) age of the men at baseline was 58.9 (8.9) years, with severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥30 events/h) in 9.6%. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 8.3 (7.9–8.6) years. A minority of men (14.6%) were cognitively impaired at baseline (Mini-Mental State Examination score <28/30). A higher percentage of light sleep was associated with better TrailMaking Test A performance (B = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06, 0.01; p = 0.003), whereas higher mean oxygen saturation was associated with worse performance (B = 0.11, 95% CI 0.02, 0.19; p = 0.012). While obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture might predict cognitive decline, future studies should consider arousal events and non-routine hypoxaemia measures, which may show associations with cognitive decline.Jesse L. Parker, Andrew Vakulin, Ganesh Naik, Yohannes Adama Melaku, David Stevens, Gary A. Wittert, Sean A. Martin, Peter G. Catcheside, Barbara Toson, Sarah L. Appleton, Robert J. Adam

Associations of Baseline Sleep Microarchitecture with Cognitive Function After 8 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Men from a Community-Based Cohort Study

Published: 24 May 2023. Corrected by: Corrigendum to: Associations of Baseline Sleep Microarchitecture with Cognitive Function After 8 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Men from a Community-Based Cohort Study (Nat Sci Sleep. 2023, 15, 389–406.) In vol. 15 (2023), pp. 433-434. The authors advise that the funding section on page 404 is incorrect.Purpose: Prospective studies examining associations between baseline sleep microarchitecture and future cognitive function recruited from small samples with predominantly short follow-up. This study examined sleep microarchitecture predictors of cognitive function (visual attention, processing speed, and executive function) after 8 years in community-dwelling men. Patients and Methods: Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study participants (n=477) underwent home-based polysomnography (2010– 2011), with 157 completing baseline (2007– 2010) and follow-up (2018– 2019) cognitive assessments (trail-making tests A [TMT-A] and B [TMT-B] and the standardized mini-mental state examination [SMMSE]). Whole-night F4-M1 sleep EEG recordings were processed following artifact exclusion, and quantitative EEG characteristics were obtained using validated algorithms. Associations between baseline sleep microarchitecture and future cognitive function (visual attention, processing speed, and executive function) were examined using linear regression models adjusted for baseline obstructive sleep apnoea, other risk factors, and cognition. Results: The final sample included men aged (mean [SD]) 58.9 (8.9) years at baseline, overweight (BMI 28.5 [4.2] kg/m2), and well educated (75.2% ≥Bachelor, Certificate, or Trade), with majorly normal baseline cognition. Median (IQR) follow-up was 8.3 (7.9, 8.6) years. In adjusted analyses, NREM and REM sleep EEG spectral power was not associated with TMT-A, TMT-B, or SMMSE performance (all p> 0.05). A significant association of higher N3 sleep fast spindle density with worse TMT-B performance (B=1.06, 95% CI [0.13, 2.00], p=0.026) did not persist following adjustment for baseline TMT-B performance. Conclusion: In this sample of community-dwelling men, sleep microarchitecture was not independently associated with visual attention, processing speed, or executive function after 8 years.Jesse L Parker, Andrew Vakulin, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Gary A Wittert, Sean A Martin, Angela L D, Rozario, Peter G Catcheside, Bastien Lechat, Barbara Toson, Alison J Teare, Sarah L Appleton, Robert J Adam

Baryons: What, When and Where?

We review the current state of empirical knowledge of the total budget of baryonic matter in the Universe as observed since the epoch of reionization. Our summary examines on three milestone redshifts since the reionization of H in the IGM, z = 3, 1, and 0, with emphasis on the endpoints. We review the observational techniques used to discover and characterize the phases of baryons. In the spirit of the meeting, the level is aimed at a diverse and non-expert audience and additional attention is given to describe how space missions expected to launch within the next decade will impact this scientific field.Comment: Proceedings Review for "Astrophysics in the Next Decade: JWST and Concurrent Facilities", ed. X. Tielens, 38 pages, 10 color figures. Revised to address comments from the communit

Two-photon physics

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:8053.4153(RAL--86-100) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Sleep duration moderates the relationship between perceived work-life interference and depressive symptoms in Australian men and women from the North West Adelaide Health Study

Published online: 24 February 2020BACKGROUND:Mental health disorders are prevalent and costly to workplaces and individuals in Australia. Work-life interference is thought to contribute negatively. The interplay between work-life interference, depressive symptoms and sleep has not been explored to date in population data. The aims of this study were to establish whether sleep duration moderates the relationship between work-life interference and depressive symptoms, and whether this is expressed differentially in male and female respondents. METHODS:Data were drawn from the North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS) longitudinal, representative population-based cohort study. Working members of the cohort were invited to participate in a telephone survey about their work conditions, with an 86.7% response rate achieved. Data from 823 respondents were analysed after employing purposeful selection of covariates, using multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS:Sleep duration was found to moderate the relationship between work-life interference and depressive symptoms (F7,815 = 26.60, p < 0.001), and accounted for 19% of the variance observed in depressive symptoms. The strongest effect of work-life interference on depressive symptoms was observed in habitual short sleepers, with the effect weakening as sleep duration increased. The relationship was observed in male and female respondents, but was stronger in females. CONCLUSIONS:Supporting and educating workers about the benefits of sleep for managing the relationship between work-life interference and depressive symptoms may offer a novel strategy for improving worker well-being, particularly when negative facets of work-life interference are not easily remedied or 'reduced'. There is a need for education and support strategies around sleep in Australian workplaces.Layla J. Bunjo, Amy C. Reynolds, Sarah L. Appleton, Jill Dorrian, Céline Vetter, Tiffany K. Gill, Robert J. Adam