5 research outputs found
Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing
This research article was published by MDPI 2021A simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for
different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three
air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core.
Numerical investigation of the proposed fiber has been performed using full vector finite element
method with anisotropic perfectly match layers, to show that the proposed simple structure exhibits
high relative sensitivity, high power fraction, relatively high birefringence, low chromatic dispersion,
low confinement loss, small effective area, and high nonlinear coefficient. All these properties have
been numerically investigated at a wider wavelength regime 0.6â1.8 ÎŒm within mostly the IR region.
Relative sensitivities of water, ethanol and benzene are obtained at 62.60%, 65.34% and 74.50%,
respectively, and the nonlinear coefficients are 69.4 Wâ1 kmâ1 for water, 73.8 Wâ1 kmâ1 for ethanol
and 95.4 Wâ1 kmâ1 for benzene, at 1.3 ÎŒm operating wavelength. The simple structure can be easily
fabricated for practical use, and assessment of its multiple waveguide properties has justified its
usage in real liquid detection
Using transfer learning-based plant disease classification and detection for sustainable agriculture
Abstract Subsistence farmers and global food security depend on sufficient food production, which aligns with the UN's âZero Hunger,â âClimate Action,â and âResponsible Consumption and Productionâ sustainable development goals. In addition to already available methods for early disease detection and classification facing overfitting and fine feature extraction complexities during the training process, how early signs of green attacks can be identified or classified remains uncertain. Most pests and disease symptoms are seen in plant leaves and fruits, yet their diagnosis by experts in the laboratory is expensive, tedious, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Notably, how plant pests and diseases can be appropriately detected and timely prevented is a hotspot paradigm in smart, sustainable agriculture remains unknown. In recent years, deep transfer learning has demonstrated tremendous advances in the recognition accuracy of object detection and image classification systems since these frameworks utilize previously acquired knowledge to solve similar problems more effectively and quickly. Therefore, in this research, we introduce two plant disease detection (PDDNet) models of early fusion (AE) and the lead voting ensemble (LVE) integrated with nine pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and fine-tuned by deep feature extraction for efficient plant disease identification and classification. The experiments were carried out on 15 classes of the popular PlantVillage dataset, which has 54,305 image samples of different plant disease species in 38 categories. Hyperparameter fine-tuning was done with popular pre-trained models, including DenseNet201, ResNet101, ResNet50, GoogleNet, AlexNet, ResNet18, EfficientNetB7, NASNetMobile, and ConvNeXtSmall. We test these CNNs on the stated plant disease detection and classification problem, both independently and as part of an ensemble. In the final phase, a logistic regression (LR) classifier is utilized to determine the performance of various CNN model combinations. A comparative analysis was also performed on classifiers, deep learning, the proposed model, and similar state-of-the-art studies. The experiments demonstrated that PDDNet-AE and PDDNet-LVE achieved 96.74% and 97.79%, respectively, compared to current CNNs when tested on several plant diseases, depicting its exceptional robustness and generalization capabilities and mitigating current concerns in plant disease detection and classification
Water Quality Monitoring with Arduino Based Sensors
Water is a quintessential element for the survival of mankind. Its variety of uses means that it is always in a constant state of demand. The supply of water most primarily comes from large reservoirs of water such as lakes, streams, and the ocean itself. As such, it is good practice to monitor its quality to ensure it is fit for human consumption. Current water quality monitoring is often carried out in traditional labs but is time consuming and prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing an Arduino-based sensor system for water quality monitoring. A simple prototype consisting of a microcontroller and multiple attached sensors was employed to conduct weekly onsite tests at multiple daily intervals. It was found that the system works reliably but is reliant on human assistance and prone to data inaccuracies. The system however, provides a solid foundation for future expansion works of the same category to elevate the system to being Internet of Things (IoT) friendly
Water Quality Monitoring with Arduino Based Sensors
Water is a quintessential element for the survival of mankind. Its variety of uses means that it is always in a constant state of demand. The supply of water most primarily comes from large reservoirs of water such as lakes, streams, and the ocean itself. As such, it is good practice to monitor its quality to ensure it is fit for human consumption. Current water quality monitoring is often carried out in traditional labs but is time consuming and prone to inaccuracies. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing an Arduino-based sensor system for water quality monitoring. A simple prototype consisting of a microcontroller and multiple attached sensors was employed to conduct weekly onsite tests at multiple daily intervals. It was found that the system works reliably but is reliant on human assistance and prone to data inaccuracies. The system however, provides a solid foundation for future expansion works of the same category to elevate the system to being Internet of Things (IoT) friendly