Local Government's effective community responses

Speech given at the conference 'Reducing criminality: partnerships and best practice', Perth, 31 July to 1 August 2000, by Adam Graycar, Director, Australian Institute of Criminology. This speech is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/The challenge before us is to find the right set of interventions to prevent criminal behaviour among young people, and prevent that behaviour becoming a lifelong activity. The two main strategies are on the one hand to reduce the supply of motivated offenders, and on the other to make crime more difficult to commit. Crime is the result of complex changes in economic, social and cultural factors such as unemployment, dysfunctional families, child abuse, poor education, community breakdown, economic inequality and substance abuse. If crime prevention is to succeed it should focus on broad social outcomes, for example reducing social exclusion. Compelling evidence suggests that those who feel excluded from participation in community life are more likely to offend against that community. Addressing this sense of exclusion can reduce the risk of offending. In simple terms the criminal justice domain plays only a small part in crime prevention and preventing the supply of motivated offenders

Effect of the peripheral target on motoneuron survival, emphasising the role of a locally acting splice variant IGF-1

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The Seleukid royal economy: The finances and financial administration of the Seleukid Empire

The sources are first discussed, with emphasis on Near Eastern written material, archaeological data and numismatics. After a brief historical summary, the essential problem of the early Seleukid kings is presented: how to convert a commodity-based economy into a monetary one. The underlying economy of the empire is next described. An assessment by region points to a peak population of some 20 million, occupied mainly in agriculture and local trade, which the new city foundations and royal land-grants stimulated. Ps-Aristotle's Oikonomika forms the basis of the main section. It is argued that the work belongs to the early 3rd century B.C. and describes the conditions of the Seleukid empire. Every form of satrapal revenue listed is analysed and rates of tribute, taxation and rent derived, where possible, and shown to be generally high. Coinage is found to have been increasingly used for payments by the administration, mostly for a large standing army. Similarly, taxation receipts were also required in coin and surplus commodity production on royal land was disposed of for silver, where possible. The tetradrachm served as the primary medium and fiduciary bronze tended to be used in place of small silver, but the Seleukids sought only to maintain appropriate currency levels in each region and their many mints essentially coined to replace what was lost through wear, apart from bursts of production for military needs. Foreign currencies circulated freely, including sometimes those on different standards. A quantitative model links population, production, royal revenue and expenses and coinage. Annual revenue may have reached 20,000 talents, but expenses were high and any surplus small. Finally, the financial administration of the empire owed much to Achaemenid prototypes. A picture emerges of regional and district officials, responsible both for satrapal finances and royal land and reporting directly to the king

Crises non épileptiques et mouvements anormaux psychogènes (comparaison des caractéristiques phychiatriques)

But : Etude prospective descriptive clinique des comorbidités psychiatriques dans deux populations de patients incluant d une part des patients présentant des crises non épileptiques psychogènes (CNEP) et de l autre des patients souffrant de mouvements anormaux psychogènes (MAP). Méthode : Recrutement consécutif sur une période de 18 mois de patients répondant aux critères cliniques de CNEP et de MAP. Entretiens cliniques psychiatriques semi-structurés et évaluation par auto-questionnaires (inventaire de dépression de Beck et inventaire d anxiété de Spielberger). Réévaluation 8 à 12 mois après la première évaluation. Résultats : 17 patients ont été inclus dans cette étude, 9 dans le groupe CNEP et 8 dans le groupe MAP. Les deux populations ne différaient pas concernant les données démographiques et cliniques, ainsi que pour les troubles dépressifs et de la personnalité. Deux différences étaient identifiables et concernaient la prévalence des antécédents d épilepsie dans l entourage et l incidence des troubles anxieux qui étaient plus importants dans le groupe des CNEP (non significatif sur le plan statistique). Conclusion : Les données de cette étude prospective soulignent la similarité clinique et psychiatrique des deux populations. Une étude portant sur un plus grand nombre de sujet devrait permettre de confirmer, sur le plan statistique, les différences mises en évidence, notamment l incidence plus grande de trouble anxieux dans les CNEP, et l'existence d un proche épileptique comme facteur favorisant des CNEP.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF