19 research outputs found
âI Look in Your Eyes, Honeyâ: Internal Face Features Induce Spatial Frequency Preference for Human Face Processing
Numerous psychophysical experiments found that humans preferably rely on a narrow
band of spatial frequencies for recognition of face identity. A recently
conducted theoretical study by the author suggests that this frequency
preference reflects an adaptation of the brain's face processing
machinery to this specific stimulus class (i.e., faces). The purpose of the
present study is to examine this property in greater detail and to specifically
elucidate the implication of internal face features (i.e., eyes, mouth, and
nose). To this end, I parameterized Gabor filters to match the spatial receptive
field of contrast sensitive neurons in the primary visual cortex (simple and
complex cells). Filter responses to a large number of face images were computed,
aligned for internal face features, and response-equalized
(âwhitenedâ). The results demonstrate that the frequency
preference is caused by internal face features. Thus, the psychophysically
observed human frequency bias for face processing seems to be specifically
caused by the intrinsic spatial frequency content of internal face features
To heal and rehabilitate wounded soldiers in France : working logic between standards, means and compromises
Cette thĂšse Ă©tudie le travail de soin et de rĂ©habilitation des blessĂ©s de guerre, plus largement des blessĂ©s militaires, Ă partir dâun travail dâenquĂȘte notamment effectuĂ© dans un service de mĂ©decine physique et de rĂ©adaptation et dans un service de psychiatrie dâun hĂŽpital militaire. La rĂ©habilitation est un processus Ă la fois mĂ©dical et social.MĂ©dical, le travail engage des Ă©quipes de mĂ©decins et de professionnels paramĂ©dicaux, qui coopĂšrent avec le blessĂ© pour favoriser les conditions dâune rĂ©insertion. Cela passe par un travail des soignants et des blessĂ©s sur le corps et le psychique. Que les blessĂ©s soient des militaires nâest pas insignifiant. Par ailleurs, les spĂ©cificitĂ©s du Service de santĂ© des armĂ©es â celles notamment des hĂŽpitaux dâinstruction des armĂ©es, de leurs personnels, des organismes de reclassement â influent sur le travail. Le contexte social et culturel de lâarmĂ©e française favorise le soin, mais peut aussi le complexifier. Les conditions de la rĂ©habilitation et les choix mĂ©dicaux et sociaux ne sont pas comprĂ©hensibles sans la prise en compte du rĂ©gime de droit social des blessĂ©s de guerre et, dans une mesure moindre, des blessĂ©s militaires. La durĂ©e des congĂ©s, les normes de prise en charge des Ă©quipements, le niveau des pensions sont spĂ©cifiques et plus avantageux. Lâaction sociale est largement fonction des moyens et de leurs modes dâattribution. Elle inflĂ©chit Ă©galement les processus de travail. De ce fait, le cadre de lâarmĂ©e joue particuliĂšrement sur les conditions de la rĂ©habilitation, en lien avec le cadre juridique. Au-delĂ du cure, la question du care se pose pour caractĂ©riser les formes du rapport social engagĂ© dans la rĂ©habilitation. Le monde des blessĂ©s militaires prĂ©sente des particularitĂ©s : globalement, le faible niveau de diplĂŽme des blessĂ©s militaires favorise peu la rĂ©insertion dans le civil ; il existe un intĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique fort Ă demeurer dans lâemploi militaire (niveau des salaires, importance des primes), quâil ne faut pourtant pas surestimer, car les pensions sont dâun niveau Ă©levĂ©. Quand la blessure nâest pas radicalement invalidante, apparaĂźt un problĂšme dâarbitrage entre lâintĂ©rĂȘt au maintien dans lâarmĂ©e et celui de la rĂ©forme.Les soignants soulignent une certaine posture des patients vis-Ă -vis du soin, en lien avec des histoires de vie et des parcours professionnels. Les blessĂ©s sont particuliĂšrement coopĂ©rants dans la mesure oĂč leur formation militaire, mais aussi la sĂ©lection dont ils ont fait lâobjet les ont socialisĂ©s Ă cette posture.This thesis investigates the work of care and rehabilitation of the wounded military, from investigative work primarily carried out in a department of physical medicine and rehabilitation and in a service of psychiatry of a military hospital.Rehabilitation is a process that is both medical and social.Medical, the work engages teams of doctors and paramedics, who cooperate with the wounded to promote the conditions of reintegration. This goes through the work of the caregivers and the wounded on the body and the psychic.Furthermore, the specifics of the army health service influence the work.The social and cultural context of the French army promotes care, but can also be more complex. The conditions of rehabilitation and the medical and social choices are not understandable without taking into account the social regime, specific and more advantageous for military casualties. Social action also influences the work processes. As a result, the army's framework plays a particular role in the conditions of rehabilitation, in relation to the legal framework.Beyond the cure, the question of care arises to characterize the forms of the social relationship committed to in the rehabilitation. The world of military casualties presents peculiarities: the low level of diploma of the military wounded does not favour reintegration into civil life; there is a strong economic interest to remain in military employment (the importance of premiums), which must not be overestimated, as pensions are of a high standard. When the injury is not radically disabling, a problem of arbitration appears between the interest in remaining in the army and that of being reformed
Présentation du sujet
Apelle Marie-Claude. Présentation du sujet. In: Revue juridique de l'Ouest, N° Spécial 2010-3. Délinquance dans l'espace public, délinquances des gens de la rue ? pp. 3-13
Normes et standards de la marche symĂ©trique. Ethnographie de lâusage dâune semelle de mesure de la pression dâappui dans lâactivitĂ© collective de rĂ©Ă©ducation
Based on an ethnographic study carried out in two departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation, this article examines the effect of the introduction of an insole to measure plantar pressure during walking rehabilitation of lower limb amputees. By considering rehabilitation as involving both the âworkâ of kinesi-ergo-therapists and the amputeesâ effort to âadjustâ to the prosthesis, the article reveals that this âcollective activityâ cannot be based on the construction of a âshared intelligibilityâ of what is a correct walk. In this way, the measurement produced by the sole is neither a reference norm nor a given with shared objectivity. The article will therefore show that the sole can rather be thought of as a tool allowing actors to define the margins of their reciprocal commitment in relation to the general objective of relearning to walk
Normes et standards de la marche symétrique
En se basant sur une ethnographie rĂ©alisĂ©e dans deux services de mĂ©decine physique et de RĂ©adaptation, cet article Ă©tudie lâeffet de lâintroduction dâune semelle de mesure de la pression plantaire dans la rĂ©Ă©ducation Ă la marche des personnes amputĂ©es de membre infĂ©rieur. En pensant la rĂ©Ă©ducation comme impliquant Ă la fois le « travail » des kinĂ©si-ergo-thĂ©rapeutes et lâeffort « dâajustement » Ă la prothĂšse des personnes amputĂ©es, lâarticle rĂ©vĂšle que cette « activitĂ© collective » ne peut pas se fonder sur la construction dâune « intelligibilitĂ© partagĂ©e » de ce qui est une marche correcte. De la sorte, la mesure produite par la semelle ne semble fonctionner ni comme une norme de rĂ©fĂ©rence ni comme une donnĂ©e Ă lâobjectivitĂ© partagĂ©e. Lâarticle montrera donc que la semelle peut ĂȘtre pensĂ©e comme un outil permettant aux acteurs de dĂ©finir les marges de leur engagement rĂ©ciproque par rapport Ă lâobjectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de rĂ©apprendre Ă marcher.Based on an ethnographic study carried out in two departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation, this article examines the effect of the introduction of an insole to measure plantar pressure during walking rehabilitation of lower limb amputees. By considering rehabilitation as involving both the âworkâ of kinesi-ergo-therapists and the amputeesâ effort to âadjustâ to the prosthesis, the article reveals that this âcollective activityâ cannot be based on the construction of a âshared intelligibilityâ of what is a correct walk. In this way, the measurement produced by the sole is neither a reference norm nor a given with shared objectivity. The article will therefore show that the sole can rather be thought of as a tool allowing actors to define the margins of their reciprocal commitment in relation to the general objective of relearning to walk
Matérialités soignantes : les technologies du care en santé
Quelle est la place des technologies de santĂ© dans le soin ? Faut-il opposer la froideur distante des mĂ©diations instrumentales du cure Ă la proximitĂ© chaleureuse des relations humaines du care ? En quels sens peut-on dire que les dispositifs sociotechniques de plus en plus complexes, omniprĂ©sents dans le domaine sanitaire, contribuent Ă redĂ©finir les relations de soin (soin de soi et dâautrui) ? En se positionnant au croisement de lâanthropologie de la santĂ© et de lâanthropologie et de la sociologie des sciences et des techniques, ce numĂ©ro vise Ă montrer de quelle maniĂšre lâĂ©tude des Ă©quipements et des pratiques matĂ©rielles constitue une entrĂ©e fĂ©conde pour comprendre les sens du soin dans les mondes contemporains de la santĂ©. Abordant des contextes sanitaires diversifiĂ©s, les contributions rĂ©unies ici mettent en lumiĂšre non seulement le fait que les technologies peuvent ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©es Ă des relations et des pratiques soignantes, attentives et singularisĂ©es, qui passent par elles, mais aussi que le soin vient aux technologies par un travail collectif, fait dâajustements, de nĂ©gociations, dâappropriations, non dĂ©pourvu de tensions et dâambivalences, qui les produit comme autant de matĂ©rialitĂ©s soignantes. What is the place of health technologies in care? Should the distant coldness of the instrumental means of cure be strictly opposed to the warm proximity of human relations of care? How do the increasingly complex socio-technical devices, omnipresent nowadays in the healthcare field, contribute to redefining the relations of care (care of oneself and care of others)? This issue, positioned at the crossroads of the anthropology of health and the anthropology and sociology of science and technology, aims to show that studying equipment and material practices constitutes a rich entry point to understanding the meanings of care in contemporary health worlds. Addressing various health contexts, the contributions gathered here highlight not only the fact that technologiesusedcan be fully integrated into attentive and personalized care relationships and practices, but also that the care comes to technologies through collective work, made of adjustments, negotiations, appropriations, not devoid of tensions and ambivalences, which gives rise to many material dimensions of care