Lie detection with neuroimaging techniques

Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs: 2018/2019.In this review we have searched for information about the detection of lies through neuroimaging techniques in the literature of the last decade (2010-2019). These new techniques can be useful because they are able to explore the functioning of the brain while carrying out certain actions (in this case, lying) and this can be especially useful for the forensic field. For this reason, we have searched scientific articles in two well-known databases (PubMed and PsycNet), finally obtaining a selection of 42. The results point in all cases to an important work of the frontal lobe, which is pivotal in the action of lying, together with other areas such as the anterior cingulate gyrus and the temporo-parietal junction. These results seem to be the same both in healthy people and in patients with certain pathologies, as well as in men and women. Neither large differences have been found in the results of the different techniques explored in the literature, nor among the different experimental conditions. In conclusion, we consider that neuroimaging techniques can be a great field of study for the detection of lies, but at present they still don’t have enough validity to be able to be applied in real-life situations or in the forensic field.En esta revisión bibliográfica hemos buscado información acerca de la detección de mentiras mediante técnicas de neuroimagen en la literatura de la última década (2010- 2019). Estas novedosas técnicas pueden ser útiles ya que son capaces de explorar el funcionamiento del cerebro mientras lleva a cabo determinadas acciones (en este caso la mentira) y esto puede resultar especialmente útil para el campo forense. Para ello hemos buscado artículos científicos en dos conocidas bases de datos (PubMed y PsycNet), obteniendo finalmente una selección de 42. Los resultados apuntan en todos los casos a una importante labor del lóbulo frontal, que es esencial en la acción de mentir, junto a otras áreas como el giro cingulado anterior y la unión temporo-parietal; estos resultados parecen ser los mismos tanto en personas sanas como en pacientes con determinadas patologías, al igual que también comparten áreas hombres y mujeres. Tampoco se han encontrado grandes diferencias en los resultados de las distintas técnicas exploradas en la literatura, ni entre las distintas condiciones experimentales. Como conclusión, consideramos que las técnicas de neuroimagen pueden ser un gran campo de estudio para la detección de mentiras, pero actualmente todavía no cuentan con suficiente validez como para poder ser aplicadas en situaciones reales o del campo forense

Intergenerational Educational Mobility and Identity: a French-Argentine Comparative Study

This study forms part of the author’s longstanding research regarding social, educational and professional mobility observed in Argentina across three generations, associated with the factor of Education and with the greater flow of immigrants in the last century. This research encompasses various smaller studies. Here we mention one, a French-Argentine comparative study in which we worked with PhDs from different institutions and different social science PhD programs. Our objective was: a) to analyze what factors (quantitative) and what reasons (qualitative) positively and negatively impacted professional pathways (career mobility); b) to observe the level of educational mobility present in families with PhDs, taking the issue from different paradigms (reproductionist/interactionist): University of elites? University of the masses? The methodology was both quantitative and qualitative, using semi-structured surveys (which included open-ended statements so respondents could expand); the hierarchical evocation technique and interviews. Results: a) we observed the intergenerational educational mobility of PhDs (quantitative-descriptive level); b) we understood some of the “reasons” and “sense” that underlie said mobility and that have either acted as driving forces or have not acted as driving forces of social and cultural-educational promotion (qualitative level). c) We found similar levels of intergenerational educational mobility for PhDs in France and Argentina (graduates of various PhD programs). This result is interesting in the face of well-held myths of educational “hypo mobility” , intergenerational drops in mobility, stagnation, a lack of educational/cultural promotion under “plafond” effects, or a saturation of degree holders, above all in developed countries. From the point of view of identity, this high level of intergenerational educational mobility impacted national, institutional and micro individual identity; three planes in sustained interaction using the author’s theory: The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense ((2015 a and b).Fil: Aparicio, Miriam Teresita. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentin

On the record properties of integrated time series

This paper compares the statistical properties of the records from i.i.d. time series with those of time series containing a single unit root. It is shown that there are important differences in both the limiting distributions and the convergence rates of the associated record counting processes. Since the record properties of i.i.d. time series are shared by a large class of stationary time series, the reported differences underline the possibility of using record-based statistics for robust resting procedures of the unit root hypothesis

Need-achievement, expectations and life purpose: A french-argentine study of PhDs in education

Here we present a comparative research study of doctoral programs in the social sciences in Argentina and France (2009-2017). The focus is to analyze professional pathways and their relationship to base, socio-cultural, psychosocial and structural conditioning factors. The perspective of analysis used is macro-meso-micro-macro in sustained interaction, in light of the author‟s systemic theory sui generis: The Three-Dimensional Spiral of Sense. The methodology used was both quantitative and qualitative. In this paper we focus on the qualitative and on only one of its components: Expectations and Need achievement as they relate to a feeling of achievement and personal/Professional Satisfaction. The technique usedwas hierarchical evocation. This allows us to distinguish which aspects are found in the nucleus of representations shared.We worked with three samples, from three doctoral programs in Education. Our findings reveal that in this disciplinary field– historically devalued – is linked to Satisfaction, Life objectives and Achievement more than with economic benefits (investment model).Fil: Aparicio, Miriam Teresita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

High-School Dropouts and Transitory Labor Market Shocks: The Case of the Spanish Housing Boom

This paper addresses the implications of transitory changes in labor market conditions for low versus high educated workers on the decision to acquire education. To identify this effect, I use the improvement in the labor market prospects of low educated workers motivated by the increases in employment and wages in the construction sector during the recent housing boom. The estimation strategy is based on the fact that changes in the labor market driven by the construction sector affect only men. Increases in construction activity are found to increase men's propensity to drop out of high-school, relative to women. According to this finding, policies promoting education should strengthen when in the presence of transitory shocks in the labor market that make dropping out more attractive.High-school dropout; housing boom; Spain

A Noise-Shifting Differential Colpitts VCO

A novel noise-shifting differential Colpitts VCO is presented. It uses current switching to lower phase noise by cyclostationary noise alignment and improve the start-up condition. A design strategy is also devised to enhance the phase noise performance of quadrature coupled oscillators. Two integrated VCOs are presented as design examples

Capacity limits and matching properties of lateral flux integrated capacitors

Theoretical limits for the capacitance density of lateral flux and quasi-fractal capacitors are calculated. These limits are used to investigate the efficiency of various capacitive structures such as lateral flux and quasi-fractal structures. This study leads to two new capacitor structures with high lateral field efficiency. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate higher capacity and superior matching properties compared to the standard horizontal parallel plate and previously reported lateral-field capacitors