A Review on Antibiotic Resistance and the Use of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Uropathogenic Bacteria

UTIs are the most prevalent infections and are caused by uropathogenicmicrobes such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp. Antibiotic resistance has hampered the management of UTIs over the years, with direct repercussions on the treatment cost, the infection severity, and the duration of hospitalization. This review discussed the route of infections, risk factors connected to UTIs, antibiotic resistance issues as well as an alternative therapy to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance. The medicinal plants which have been utilized for thousands of years to cure a variety of ailmentsrepresent a significant antibiotic substitute. This study has included both the therapy of UTIs themselves as well as the use of medicinal herbs to treat uropathogens.This review could help in the development of an effective UTI therapy formulation

Comparative Antibacterial Analysis of Four Different Medicinal Plants Against Human Skin Flora

Background: As we are facing continuously increasing antibiotic resistance, increased infections, diseases and pandemics, the researching community is turning to find the solutions from nature and plants play a vital role in this scenario. Pakistan due to its unique geography and a variety of climatic zones harbors a huge floral diversity.Methods: In this study extracts of four plants of Pakistan namely Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Moringa oleifera and Eucalyptus camaldulensis prepared by Aqueous. Ethanol and Methanol extract preparation methods were examined for their phytochemical content by employing various reagents and methods like foam test for saponins, xanthoprotein test for proteins, Braemar’s test for tannins etc. Antibacterial activity against stored human skin flora samples was performed using the agar well diffusion assay and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA one way analysis on Microsoft Excel 2010.Result: Each plant extract exhibited antibacterial activity and statistical analysis performed for extracts of each plant showed p value for A. indica as 0.36 (P > 0.05), for C. longa as 0.09 (P > 0.05), for M. oleifera as 0.67 (P > 0.05) and for E. camaldulensis as 0.02 (P < 0.05), which indicates significant antibacterial activity of E. camaldulensis depending on the size of zones of inhibition produced by it. Conclusion: All the extracts prepared from selected plants showed some degree of antibacterial activity against the human skin flora that can also act as opportunistic pathogen. This supports the use of traditionally used plants and herbs for fighting present day soaring health related issues as antimicrobial resistance. Study also suggests further investigations for estimating exact concentrations of extracts to be used that work efficiently in relevant cases and molecular mechanism of action of these extracts.Keywords: Skin Flora; Antibiotic Resistant; Plant Extract; Antibacterial Activity, Medicinal plants   

A Review of Novel Coronavirus: Cross-Disciplinal Perspective

The whole world is under the influence of coronavirus after its first report from Wuhan, China in December 2019. The virus is from coronaviridae family which has zoonotic viruses that can spread from animals to humans. The coronavirus like other viruses of this family produces mild flu-like symptoms within 2-14 days in the human host which progresses to death in severe cases. Unlikely coronavirus spread fast among humans-infectious diseases. Up till now (27/04/2020) around 2.97M cases and 207K deaths have been reported. The presence of a virus in respiratory secretions is diagnosed through molecular methods and chest scans. For this method, published articles on COVID-19 up to April 19, 2020, were screened. Keywords used were “Covid-19,” “novel coronavirus,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “2019-nCoV,” “Wuhan coronavirus,” and “Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus.” After the cautious screening, published articles with confirmed cases were acknowledged and included. It has not only affecting physical health but has negatively affecting mental health. Vaccination has been introduced but global impact of this pandemic is still uncertain

Ameliorating effect of Berberis lycium root bark extracts against cisplatin-induced nephropathy in rat

The aim of this study was to investigate the sub-acute nephroprotective effect of Berberis lycium root bark extracts against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Aqueous and methanol extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) were co-administered with cisplatin (4 mg/kg) for 19 days. Results showed that cisplatin significantly (ap<0.05) raised the serum creatinine, uric acid, urea level as well as tissue MDA level as compared to control group. It decreased GST activity, tGSH and catalase activity in rats.  Both extracts significantly reduced the serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels. Moreover, GST, CAT activity and tGSH content were significantly (p<0.05) increased and MDA level was decreased. Histopathological examination showed that both extracts efficiently reversed the morphological changes and damage induced by cisplatin. It is concluded that both extracts of B. lycium root bark possess nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Video Clip of Methodology: Histological study of rat kidney: 14 min 02 sec   Full Screen   Alternat

Comparison of foam sclerotherapy and cyanoacrylate glue for preventing the recurrence of varicose veins

Background: Varicose veins are a common vascular disorder that can cause discomfort and aesthetic concerns. Cyanoacrylate glue and foam sclerotherapy are treatment modalities used to prevent recurrence of varicose veins, but their comparative effectiveness is not well established. Objective: This research compared the effectiveness of foam sclerotherapy and cyanoacrylate glue in preventing varicose vein recurrence. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June to December 2022, including 140 participants equally divided into cyanoacrylate glue and foam sclerotherapy groups. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit participants from clinics and hospitals. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical severity, treatment outcomes, and patient satisfaction were collected and analyzed. Results: In comparison to the foam sclerotherapy group, the cyanoacrylate glue group showed considerably lower recurrence rates (10.7% vs. 14.6%), greater symptomatic recovery (88.9% vs. 82.5%), and higher aesthetic satisfaction (95.3% vs. 90.1%). Patient compliance was higher (94.2%) and pain levels were lower (2.3 out of 10) in the cyanoacrylate glue group. Conclusion: Cyanoacrylate glue treatment showed superior efficacy in preventing varicose vein recurrence, improving symptoms, and enhancing patient satisfaction compared to foam sclerotherapy

Phenotypic Investigation of Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid Resistance Among Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Children Diarrhea

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE) were common among Enterococcus. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Teicoplanin resistance or sensitivity can determine the VRE phenotypes whether VanA (VanR/TecR) or VanB (VanR/TecS). Linezolid resistance among VRE regards an newly emerged health problem. Infection with LRVRE or TRLRVRE pushan hazardous alert for hard to heal illness. Twenty eight Enterococcus spp. isolates were recovered from children diarrhea after their inoculation on m-EI chromogenic agar. Antibiotics susceptibility and phenotypic detection of antibiotics resistance were performed according to CLSI 2016. The results revealed 92.86% resistance to rifampin, 85.71% to erythromycin. VRE were 46.42%, TRE were 25% and LRE were 35.71% while co-existed resistance for Vancomycin/Teicoplanin/Linezolid(TRLRVRE) were detected 25% in. concern antibiotics resistant patterns, the MDR compile (85.7%) while XDR compile (10.7%) and there is no PDR among Enterococcus. spp. isolates were PDR. The presentstudy conclude that VanA and VanB phenotypes were common among MDR and XDR and although there is no using of linezolid but the emergence of TRLRVRE isolates were stated