Mengidentifikasi Bilangan Dominasi Lokasi Pada Graf Bintang Kipas (Identify Locating-dominating Number in Star Fan Graph)

Bilangan dominasi–lokasi dari graf merupakan kardinalitas terkecil dari himpunan sehingga setiap dua titik dengan , . Suatu graf dengan memiliki titik dan memiliki sisi dengan orde dan disebut graf bintang kipas yang diperoleh dengan menempelkan satu salinan pada masing-masing titik pendant dari dimana adalah graf bintang dengan titik dan sisi serta adalah graf kipas dengan titik dan sisi

Microscopy and chemical composition of healthy and resinous wood from the agarwood-producing species, Aqualaria beccariana

Aquilaria beccariana is a vulnerable Malaysian agarwood-producing species due to illegal harvesting and indiscriminate deforestation. Despite its current conservation status, the chemical profiling of this valuable species is seemingly non-existent. The current study aimed to evaluate the morphological characteristics of A. beccariana wood and identify the volatile chemical compounds of its wood and essential oil. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to study the wood morphology, while gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used. The FESEM analysis revealed that vessel pits were distinct in the healthy wood samples but hardly visible in the resinous wood sample. The monoterpene, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpenoid were detected, whereby 35 constituents were from the resinous wood sample, which consisted of 15.29 sesquiterpenes and 50.68 sesquiterpenoid. The major compounds were kessane, α-longipinene, α-curcumene, eudesmol, and epi-α-bisabolol. Approximately 32 compounds were identified in the essential oil sample, comprising 36.69 of sesquiterpenes and 49.58 of sesquiterpenoids. The principal compounds were 7-epi-γ-eudesmol, γ-cadinene, allo-aromadendrene, kessane, and nor-ketoagarofuran. This study provides valuable information on the volatile chemical compound profiles of A. beccariana; thus, it would further contribute to the search for potential chemical markers for species detection and agarwood classification efforts

Industrialization and employment creation in a developing economy An analysis on Malaysia

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D44550/83 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Soft power and cultural diplomacy: emerging education hubs in Asia

Several education hubs have emerged in Asia and the Middle East in recent years with a specific focus on cross-border higher education. Through considerable efforts in policy planning and generous funding, these hubs aim to transform a country or city into an eminent destination for education, research, and training. The inherent design of these hubs raises many questions about higher education’s contribution to international relations as large numbers of local and foreign actors congregate. Specifically, some education hubs are leveraging cultural heritage and colonial legacy as an instrument of soft power by emphasising shared cultural identities and values. By engaging in cultural diplomacy, education hubs seek to exert influence on the international stage. However, assumptions about shared identities and values as well as the prevailing political climate of the local society present serious challenges for policy implementation. Alternatively, an education hub can also engage with international actors based on an enduring faith in the venture of science to propel the knowledge economy – another kind of norm that underpins soft power. This paper compares Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong as education hubs that engage in soft power and cultural diplomacy

Cómo mejorar la educación: Ideas latinoamericanas y resultados asiáticos

En un esfuerzo por acrecentar el conocimiento mutuo entre América Latina y Asia, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, con el apoyo del Japan Special Trust Fund (Fondo Patrimonial Especial de Japón), organizó en Okinawa, Japón, un seminario de educadores eminentes, provenientes de ambas regiones. Este libro, que tiene origen en dicho seminario, compara el rendimiento educativo sobresaliente de sistemas convencionales de Asia con el de América, donde persiste la mala calidad, el analfabetismo y los altos índices de deserción escolar y repetición, a pesar de que el gasto en educación es mucho mayor. Sin embargo, los logros envidiables de Asia han ofrecido escasos incentivos para reformar los sistemas educativos que se basan principalmente en el aprendizaje de memoria y no en el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo y crítico. En cambio, las deficiencias de América Latina han suscitado una amplia gama de innovaciones educativas, que se presentan en este libro.