A Quantitative Study of Transitive and Intransitive Constructions in Hindi and Japanese

Previous studies have suggested that, like Japanese, Hindi displays a preference for intransitive constructions that describe events as spontaneous occurrences over transitive constructions that give prominence to the agent. This study compares the frequency of transitive and intransitive constructions in the two languages by using a Hindi novel and its Japanese translation as a parallel corpus. The results show that not only was there no significant difference in the number of transitive and intransitive constructions, the frequency of transitivity pairs (causative/non- causative pairs) is also similar with both languages using more non-causative pairs. The implication of this finding for errors observed in Hindi-speaking learners of Japanese is discussed. 要旨先行研究では、ヒンディー語は日本語と同様に、動作主体を表に出す他動詞構文より物事が自ずからどうなったかを表現する自動詞構文を好む傾向がみられると述べられている。本研究では、日本語とヒンディー語における自動詞構文と他動詞構文の使用傾向を比較する目的で対訳テキストをデータに持ち、調査を行った。その結果、両言語における自動詞構文と他動詞構文の使用頻度に有意差がなく、使役交替に参与する有対動詞（非使役動詞と使役動詞）もほぼ同程度であり、非使役動詞の動詞対が共通して多かったことが明らかになった。このことから、ヒンディー語における傾向がヒンディー語を母語とする日本語学習者に見られる誤用に影響していることが示唆される

Expression Of Hepatitis C Viral Non-structural 3 Antigen In Transgenic Chloroplasts

Hepatitis C viral infection is the major cause of acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease and remains the leading cause of liver transplants (NIH). An estimated 180 million people are infected globally (WHO). There is no vaccine available to prevent hepatitis C. The treatment with antiviral drugs is expensive, accompanied with various side effects and is limited only to those at risk of developing advanced liver disease. The treatment is also effective in only about 30% to 50% of treated patients and still a high percentage of patients are resistant to therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of effective vaccine antigens and an efficacious HCV vaccine. The non-structural 3 protein of the hepatitis C virus is a multifunctional protein of the virus required for virus polyprotein processing and replication. Vaccine antigen production via chloroplast transformation system usually results in high expression levels and eliminates the possibility of contamination with vector sequences,human or animal pathogens. The HCV NS3 antigen was expressed in the chloroplast of Nicotiana tabacum var. Petit havana and LAMD-609. The 1.9kb NS3 gene was cloned into a chloroplast expression vector, pLD-Ct containing the 16S rRNA promoter, aadA gene coding for the spectinomycin selectable marker, psbA 5\u27 untranslated region to enhance translation in the light and 3\u27 untranslated region for transcript stability and trnI & trnA homologous flanking sequences for site specific integration into the chloroplast genome. Chloroplast integration of the NS3 gene was first confirmed by PCR. Southern blot analysis further confirmed site-specific gene integration and homoplasmy. The NS3 protein was detected in transgenic chloroplasts by immunoblot analysis. The NS3 protein was further quantified by ELISA. Maximum expression levels of NS3 up to 2% in the total soluble protein were observed even in old leaves, upon 3-day continuous illumination. These results demonstrate successful expression of the HCV non-structural 3 antigen in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. Animal studies to test the immunogenecity of the chloroplast derived HCV NS3 will be performed using chloroplast derived NS3 antigen

DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PERSONS AFFLICTED WITH LEPROSY AS A VIOLATION OF THEIR INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS

Leprosy is a chronic but curable disease that causes skin lesion and nerve damage. Leprosy in India stood eliminated as public health problem as the number of occurrence went down to one per ten thousand cases, but in 2017, it made a comeback and several new cases were detected. It’s easily the most misunderstood disease in India. Victims of Leprosy are constantly discriminated against, both socially and legally. There are as many as 119 laws that discriminate against people afflicted with leprosy. The general notion of the disease is still plagued by misconceptions people held before it was incurable. The purpose of conducting the study was to bring in forefront the situation of people suffering from leprosy and their families and the discrimination they face in day today life. This study was carried out by naturalistic observation of a Leper colony in India; additional secondary data has analysed to carry out this research.  It’s been observed that the society is not educated about the disease and lack of awareness poses to be a major roadblock in ensuring them an equal status in the society. Through the course of this study, it was realised that, though, there have been few progressive steps, like repeal of Lepers Act, 1898 and amendments in certain discrimination personal laws, but India still has a long way to go to ensure them basic human rights through policy changes and, by sensitisation of public about the particulars of the disease

Temperature dependence of ferroelectric mode frequency, dielectric constant and loss tangent in CsH2PO4 and deuterated CsH2PO4 crystals

The pseudo-spin lattice coupled mode model by adding third- and fourth-order phonon anharmonic interactions and extra spin-lattice interaction term has been considered for CsH2PO4 (abbreviated CDP) and deuterated CsH2PO4 (abbreviated DCDP) crystals. Expressions for shift and width of response function, vibrational normal mode frequency, dielectric constant and loss tangent have been evaluated. Double time temperature dependent Green’s function method has been used for derivation. Fitting the values of model parameters in expressions, the temperature dependence of soft mode frequency, dielectric constant and loss tangent have been calculated. Theoretical results are in agreement with experimental results reported by Blinc et al16

Study of menstrual disorder in adolescent girls at tertiary care centre in rural area

Background: Total adolescent world population is 16%.  Adolescents (10-19 years) constitute 21.3% i.e. nearly 1/5th of total population of India. 19% of the total population-faces a series of serious challenges not only affecting their growth and development but also their livelihood as adults. The objective of the current study was to observe the menstrual disorders among adolescent females and to observe the demographic profile and assess hygiene practices during menstruation and grade of anemia due to menstrual morbidity.  Methods: A random selection of adolescent’s females were done from gynaecology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in rural area. Study done on 180 adolescent girls from January 01, 2016 to June 31st, 2017, it is a descriptive type of observational study. Counseling done of adolescent females on menstrual hygiene and nutrition. Results: Most common menstrual morbidity seen in this study is dysmenorrhea (41.66%) followed by heavy menstrual bleeding i.e 25% and irregular menstrual bleeding (13.33%) subsequently. All these problems are associated with their practices used during menstruation. Poor menstrual hygiene was seen associated with 30 to 35% of abdominal cramps and mood swings, heavy menstrual bleeding and nutritional deficiency leads to moderate anemia (7 to10 gm%) in 83%.Conclusions: Due to unhygienic practices and lack of education and awareness about hygiene many of the girls were suffering from reproductive tract infections and poor nutrition leads to anemia. So, we all need to educate them about hygiene and spread awareness about the various services provided by the government like supplying of sanitary napkins to overcome infections

Customizable Tele-Operated Unmanned Ground Vehicle

Unmanned Ground Vehicles will play a very important role in the nation’s next generation ground forces. Control of the UGV is accomplished remotely, through a command system that allows an operator to receive sensor data and send motion commands to the vehicle. Being able to modify the UGV as per need will help us enlarge its scope of use

Incidence and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem worldwide and differs from region to region. This study was planned to determine the incidence and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in our region and discuss the general issues related to antimicrobial resistance.Methods: Prospective study was carried out between March to October 2015. Samples of urine, blood, pus, CSF and miscellaneous samples (fluids, swabs, sputum and stool) were collected from indoor and outdoor patients for isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa in the Department of Microbiology G.R. Medical College, Gwalior (MP).Results: Out of the 5000 samples analyzed 1684 showed growth. K. pneumoniae (38.50%), E. coli (33.29%) and P. aeruginosa (28.19%) constituited a total of 805 isolates. Both E.coli and K. pneumoniae showed highest sensitivity for doxycycline (75%; 67% resp.) and second highest for levofloxacin (70%; 64% resp.), whereas, P. aeruginosa showed highest 57% sensitivity for amikacin followed by 48% for levofloxacin. β-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides showed high mean resistance (K.pneumoniae-83%, E.coli-79%, P. aeruginosa-86.4%) and (K. pneumoniae-75%, E. coli-61%, P. aeruginosa-70%) resp.Conclusions: The data indicates high resistance among the gram-negative bacteria for β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Increasing resistance to doxycycline and flouroquinolones for K. pneumoniae and E. coli and multidrug resistance to P. aeruginosa is a cause of concern in this region. Thus, there is a need to stop misuse of antibiotics with immediate effect and to implement a strong antimicrobial stewardship program