A molecular-based identification resource for the arthropods of Finland

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Resources published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.To associate specimens identified by molecular characters to other biological knowledge, we need reference sequences annotated by Linnaean taxonomy. In this study, we (1) report the creation of a comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for the arthropods of an entire country (Finland), (2) publish this library, and (3) deliver a new identification tool for insects and spiders, as based on this resource. The reference library contains mtDNA COI barcodes for 11,275 (43%) of 26,437 arthropod species known from Finland, including 10,811 (45%) of 23,956 insect species. To quantify the improvement in identification accuracy enabled by the current reference library, we ran 1000 Finnish insect and spider species through the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) identification engine. Of these, 91% were correctly assigned to a unique species when compared to the new reference library alone, 85% were correctly identified when compared to BOLD with the new material included, and 75% with the new material excluded. To capitalize on this resource, we used the new reference material to train a probabilistic taxonomic assignment tool, FinPROTAX, scoring high success. For the full-length barcode region, the accuracy of taxonomic assignments at the level of classes, orders, families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species reached 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.4%, 96.8%, and 88.5%, respectively. The FinBOL arthropod reference library and FinPROTAX are available through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (www.laji.fi) at https://laji.fi/en/theme/protax. Overall, the FinBOL investment represents a massive capacity-transfer from the taxonomic community of Finland to all sectors of society.Peer reviewe

"Manne takaraivossa" : ennakkoluulot ja syrjintä suomalaisten romaniyrittäjien kokemana : fenomenografinen tutkimus

The purpose of my research is to describe and to understand the prejudices and discrimination faced by the Finnish Roma entrepreneurs in the business activities. The research aims to answer the main question: What are the positive and negative perceptions the Finnish Roma have received from the business activities as entrepreneurs?The starting point of my phenomenographical research is social marginality, because, according to the general understanding, the population of the Roma is still in the margins of the Finnish society. In my research, I am considering the marginality from the point of view of Finnish Roma entrepreneurs.The entrepreneurs interviewed had experienced prejudice and discrimination in interactions with revenue offices, TE-Centres (Employment and Economic Development Centre), city councils, banks, insurance companies, suppliers, retailers, customers and with competitors.Those entrepreneurs whose customers come from the whole of the population and whose business activities do not have anything to do with horse management had experienced more prejudice and discrimination. As the business activities continued, the prejudice and discrimination decreased in interaction with all others but the consumers.Roma entrepreneurs are not yet treated equally with majority in competition on the filed of entrepreneurship in Finland. The shared perception of the entrepreneurs was that the best way of diminishing prejudices is intercourse of the Roma and the majority when it is possible to get familiarity in personal level.Ritva Anttonen kuvasi väitöskirjatutkimuksessaan suomalaisten romaniyrittäjien kohtaamia ennakkoluuloja ja syrjintää yritystoiminnassa. Tärkeimpänä tulevaisuuden kehityskaarena Anttonen nimeää luottamuksen rakentamisen pää- ja romaniväestön välille ennakkoluulojen ja syrjinnän poistamiseksi.Tutkimusaineisto muodostui seitsemän pohjanmaalaisen ja keskisuomalaisen yrittäjän kertomuksista. Yritysten toimialat olivat huonekalujen tehdastuotanto, ravihevosrattaiden valmistus, perinteisten romanihameiden ompelu, autovarusteiden myynti, käytetyn auton kauppa, hevosten kasvatus, siitostoiminta, raviurheilu, kiinteistöjen vuokraus, sekä polttopuu-, kiinteistö- ja tonttikauppa. Haastatellut romaniyrittäjät suhtautuivat tulevaisuuteen yleensä ottaen valoisasti. Anttosen mukaan monilla romaneilla on yritystoiminnassa tarvittavia vahvuuksia. He ovat ahkeria, oma-aloitteisia, sosiaalisia ja hyviä käymään kauppaa. Romaneja, joilla on ajatuksissa yritystoiminnan aloittaminen, tulisikin Anttosen mukaan tukea ja rohkaista hankkimaan tarvittava liiketoimintaosaaminen ja aloittamaan yritystoiminta.Haastatelluilla yrittäjillä oli kokemuksia ennakkoluuloista ja syrjinnästä niin yhteistyötahojen, rahoittajien, asiakkaiden kuin kilpailijoiden kanssa. Huonoja kokemuksia oli eniten niillä yrittäjillä, joiden asiakaskuntana toimi koko väestö. Mikäli henkilö ei tunne romaneja tai romanikulttuuria, suhtautuu hän tutkimuksen mukaan usein ennakkoluuloisesti ja syrjivästi romaniväestöön ja näin myös romaniyrittäjiin. Haastatelluilla oli myös positiivisia kokemuksia ennakkoluulottomuudesta sekä ennakkoluuloista eroon pääsemisestä, ja vuorovaikutuksen yhteistyökumppaneiden kanssa koettiinkin sujuvan hyvin heti, kun luottamus oli syntynyt osapuolten välille.Tutkimukseen haastateltujen romaniyrittäjien käsitysten mukaan romaneihin kohdistuvien ennakkoluulojen syynä ovat sekä pääväestön tietämättömyys romanikulttuurista että romaniväestön ennakkoluulot pääväestöä kohtaan. Yrittäjät pitivät luottamuksen rakentamista ratkaisuna ennakkoluuloihin. Luottamuksen rakentaminen käsitettiin enemmän romaniväestön tehtäväksi, mutta myös pääväestön toivottiin osallistuvan siihen.Molemminpuolinen luottamus olisi tutkimuksen mukaan saavutettavissa romanien ja pääväestön yhteistyöllä. Ennakkoluulojen poistaminen nähtiin ratkaisuna syrjintään, sillä syrjinnän koettiin vähenevän ennakkoluulojen hälvetessä. Haastateltavien yrittäjien mukaan ennakkoluulot poistuvat parhaiten lisäämällä pääväestön ja romaniväestön välistä vuorovaikutusta

The survival time of restorations is shortened in patients with dry mouth

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective data collection study was to determine the effect size of dry mouth on the survival of restorations and teeth. Methods: The data were collected from the electronic patient files of City of Oulu Public Dental Services (Finland). Study population consisted of 71 dry mouth patients and 142 control patients. The survival of 3208 restorations were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty for patients. Separate analyses were performed for the survival of the teeth. Results: The hazard ratio of restorations in dry mouth patients was 2.08 (95% CI: 1.65-2.63) compared to the control patients. For the dry mouth patients, the fixed prosthetic crowns outlasted composite fillings of all sizes, but the difference increased concomitantly with the filling size. The dry mouth patients had hazard ratio of 1.98 (95% CI: 1.02-3.82) for tooth extractions compared to the control patients. The teeth with fixed prosthetic crowns outlasted the teeth with direct restorative materials. Conclusions: The survival time of restorations and teeth are severely shortened in patients with dry mouth. Especially the survival time of the large composites is short in dry mouth patients whereas fixed prosthetic crowns have acceptable survival time also in dry mouth patients. Clinical significance: When informing a dry mouth patient on the expected survival of a restoration or tooth, one should take into account that dry mouth patients ́restorations and teeth have severely shortened survival time

The survival time of restorations is shortened in patients with dry mouth

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this retrospective data collection study was to determine the effect size of dry mouth on the survival of restorations and teeth. Methods: The data were collected from the electronic patient files of City of Oulu Public Dental Services (Finland). Study population consisted of 71 dry mouth patients and 142 control patients. The survival of 3208 restorations were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty for patients. Separate analyses were performed for the survival of the teeth. Results: The hazard ratio of restorations in dry mouth patients was 2.08 (95% CI: 1.65–2.63) compared to the control patients. For the dry mouth patients, the fixed prosthetic crowns outlasted composite fillings of all sizes, but the difference increased concomitantly with the filling size. The dry mouth patients had hazard ratio of 1.98 (95% CI: 1.02–3.82) for tooth extractions compared to the control patients. The teeth with fixed prosthetic crowns outlasted the teeth with direct restorative materials. Conclusions: The survival time of restorations and teeth are severely shortened in patients with dry mouth. Especially the survival time of the large composites is short in dry mouth patients whereas fixed prosthetic crowns have acceptable survival time also in dry mouth patients. Clinical significance: When informing a dry mouth patient on the expected survival of a restoration or tooth, one should take into account that dry mouth patients´ restorations and teeth have severely shortened survival time

Association of indirect restorations with past caries history and present need for restorative treatment in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Abstract Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of indirect restorations and their association with past caries history and present need for restorative treatment among adults in Northern Finland. Materials and methods: The study population was a subsample of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 1961). The oral examinations were performed in 2012–2013. Indirect restorations (inlays/onlays and single crowns) were recorded tooth wise. Caries history was described with the sum of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF). Caries was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The score of 4 was used as the cut off point for visible decay. Present need for restorative treatment was calculated by summing the decayed (D) and fractured (Fr) teeth. Need for restorative treatment was dichotomized to low [(D + Fr) ≤ 1] and high [(D + Fr) > 1]. Results: Altogether, 7.8% of the study population had indirect restorations. The prevalence of indirect restorations did not differ within DMF (p = 0.925), but it was higher among the subjects with a low need for restorative treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Indirect restorations were rare in the adult population and found mainly among the subjects with a low need for restorative treatment. Clinical relevance: The results of the study can encourage dentists to consider more often indirect restorations for subjects with a need for restorative treatment

Sodium Channel SCN3A (Na(V)1.3) Regulation of Human Cerebral Cortical Folding and Oral Motor Development

Channelopathies are disorders caused by abnormal ion channel function in differentiated excitable tissues. We discovered a unique neurodevelopmental channelopathy resulting from pathogenic variants in SCN3A, a gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel Na(V)1.3. Pathogenic Na(V)1.3 channels showed altered biophysical properties including increased persistent current. Remarkably, affected individuals showed disrupted folding (polymicrogyria) of the perisylvian cortex of the brain but did not typically exhibit epilepsy; they presented with prominent speech and oral motor dysfunction, implicating SCN3A in prenatal development of human cortical language areas. The development of this disorder parallels SCN3A expression, which we observed to be highest early in fetal cortical development in progenitor cells of the outer subventricular zone and cortical plate neurons and decreased postnatally, when SCN1A (Na(V)1.1) expression increased. Disrupted cerebral cortical folding and neuronal migration were recapitulated in ferrets expressing the mutant channel, underscoring the unexpected role of SCN3A in progenitor cells and migrating neurons.Peer reviewe

Verkottumista ja vertaiskehittelyä : 10 vuotta tutkimus- ja aluekehitystyötä

nonPeerReviewe

A molecular‐based identification resource for the arthropods of Finland

To associate specimens identified by molecular characters to other biological knowledge, we need reference sequences annotated by Linnaean taxonomy. In this paper, we 1) report the creation of a comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for the arthropods of an entire country (Finland), 2) publish this library, and 3) deliver a new identification tool for insects and spiders, as based on this resource. The reference library contains mtDNA COI barcodes for 11,275 (43%) of 26,437 arthropod species known from Finland, including 10,811 (45%) of 23,956 insect species. To quantify the improvement in identification accuracy enabled by the current reference library, we ran 1,000 Finnish insect and spider species through the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) identification engine. Of these, 91% were correctly assigned to a unique species when compared to the new reference library alone, 85% were correctly identified when compared to BOLD with the new material included, and 75% with the new material excluded. To capitalize on this resource, we used the new reference material to train a probabilistic taxonomic assignment tool, FinPROTAX, scoring high success. For the full-length barcode region, the accuracy of taxonomic assignments at the level of classes, orders, families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species reached 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.4%, 96.8%, and 88.5%, respectively. The FinBOL arthropod reference library and FinPROTAX are available through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (www.laji.fi). Overall, the FinBOL investment represents a massive capacity-transfer from the taxonomic community of Finland to all sectors of society.peerReviewe