Academic entrepreneurial training

Artykuł zawiera informacje o specyficznej formie kształcenia studentów w przedmiocie przedsiębiorczość, wypracowanej w Szkole Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie. Zazwyczaj uczelnie traktują przedsiębiorczość jako zjawisko ekonomiczne. W treningu problem postawiono inaczej: przedsiębiorczość to przedmiot z zakresu organizacji i zarządzania, który powinno się realizować w różnego rodzaju studiach akademickich, a nie tylko ekonomicznych czy zarządzania. Przedsiębiorczość podobnie jak marketing mieści się w dziedzinie zarządzania. Marketing na zewnątrz firmy, natomiast wewnątrz firmy przedsiębiorczość. Akademicki trening opracowany, a raczej adaptowany, na potrzeby Szkoły Głównej Handlowej (wersja dla uczelni ekonomicznych, a głównie zarządzania). Przez kilka lat prowadzony w SGH, utrzymywał się na pierwszym miejscu wybieranych przez studentów zajęć uzupełniających.The article contains information on the specific form of student education in entrepreneurship. Typically, universities treat entrepreneurship as an economic phenomenon. In training, the problem is different: Entrepreneurship is an organizational and management subject that should be pursued in various academic disciplines, not just the economic one. It requires: developing entrepreneurial attitudes, acquiring practical knowledge of problem formulation and solving, the ability to create and direct innovative task forces, and the acquisition of these skills only leads to the appropriate economic results. Entrepreneurship, like marketing, is part of the field of management. Marketing occurs outside the company, whereas entrepreneurship takes place within it. Academic Training was developed, or rather adapted, for the needs of the School of Economics (University of Economics, and mainly Management). For the several years it has been running, it has stayed in first place as the most popular supplementary class chosen by the students

Some aspects of the impact of technical work on the condition of trees in historical parks

Existing historical parks are often all that remains of important prestigious residences. Often converted as open public places, the old palace parks and estates have become a permanent feature in the landscape, being places of great cultural and natural value. One of the major components of such parks is the presence of old and in some cases ancient trees, especially valuable when it takes the character of a collection of plants with a high diversity of species and cultivars. Today, there is often a need for restoration work within these historical parks, often in modernising them or adapting them for new functions. Unfortunately, these actions are frequently undertaken incorrectly or irresponsibly, without taking into consideration the presence of valuable park trees. Changes in site conditions in the immediate vicinity of the trees may be the primary cause of deterioration in their health, manifested by a significant weakening and irreversible degradation. This applies especially to old specimens, whose adaptability to environmental changes is very limited. The aim of this study was to identify in selected examples, the relationship between the condition of park trees and improper execution of technical work in their vicinity related to the modernisation and maintenance of the park

The effect of different dietary levels of vitamin E and selenium on antioxidant status and immunological markers in serum of laying hens

The effect of different dietary levels of selenium (Se) and vitamin E on egg production, the antioxidant status and the immune system response of hens was investigated in the current study. A total of 32 Lohman Brown hens were divided into four groups and were fed diets with 5% of soybean oil and two levels of Se (0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg) and vitamin E (30 and 60 mg/kg). During 10 weeks of experimental feeding, the body weights of hens and egg production were similar in all dietary treatments, but a higher Se content of diets contributed to a significant increase in egg weight. A higher vitamin E level significantly increased α-tocopherol concentrations (2.71 vs. 2.05 μg/mL, p = 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (43.3 vs. 39.9 U/mL, p = 0.049) and the ferric reducing ability of serum (FRAP) (123.0 vs. 105.7 μmol/L, p = 0.029). A higher Se content increased the concentrations of ascorbic acid (0.309 vs. 0.073 μg/L, p = 0.001), retinol (1.48 vs. 1.15 μg/mL, p = 0.001) and α-tocopherol (2.86 vs. 1.90 μg/mL, p = 0.001), the activity levels of catalase (3.40 vs. 2.98 U/L, p = 0.010) and SOD (43.4 vs. 30.8 U/mL, p = 0.040) as well as the total antioxidant status (TAS) of serum (0.38 vs. 0.28 mmol/L, p = 0.026). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) between treatments, while a higher vitamin E content of diets increased serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations (370.6 vs. 321.3 μg/mL, p = 0.026). Higher dietary levels of vitamin E and Se increased the serum concentrations of retinol (1.66 vs. 2.20 μg/mL, p = 0.013) and α-tocopherol (3.33 vs. 1.71, p = 0.014), but they had no effect on the other physiological parameters. It is recommended that the levels of both supplements, Se and vitamin E, be increased in laying hen diets as they have a beneficial effect on the serum concentrations of retinol and α -tocopherol

Environmental and landscape study along with the concept of development of part of Żerań Canal’s western embankment

Zachodni brzeg Kanału Żerańskiego wyróżnia się potencjalnie wysokimi walorami przyrodniczymi i kulturowymi. Planowana na tym obszarze budowa gazociągu wysokiego ciśnienia zasilającego Elektrociepłownię Żerań stanowi strategiczne przedsięwzięcie dla pn.-wsch. Warszawy. Opracowanie wykonane w Katedrze Architektury Krajobrazu miało na celu określenie uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-krajobrazowych oraz kulturowych tego miejsca, które posłużyły do sformułowania wskazań funkcjonalno-przestrzennych, a następnie opracowania koncepcji zagospodarowania pasa terenu po zakończeniu budowy gazociągu.The western embankment of the Żerań Canal is an area of exceptional natural, cultural and recreational qualities. This site is also the location of the planned construction of a high pressure gas pipeline supplying Żerań Power Plant, which is a strategic undertaking for the north-eastern Warsaw. The study done at the Department of Landscape Architecture of the WULS-SGGW was aimed at determining values of natural and landscape resources and elaboration of the concept of site’s new development after construction of the gas pipeline

Antioxidant status of blood and liver of turkeys fed diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids and fruit pomaces as a source of polyphenols

It was hypothesized that dietary polyphenol-rich fruit pomaces can improve the antioxidant status of both diets and the tissues of turkeys fed such diets. Turkeys were fed diets containing a cellulose preparation (C) or 5% dried apple pomace (AP), blackcurrant pomace (BCP), strawberry pomace (SP) and seedless strawberry pomace (SSP). Blood and liver biochemical parameters were determined in 7 birds from each experimental group slaughtered at 15 weeks of age, after 5 weeks of feeding diets containing soybean oil and linseed oil (approx. 1:1 ratio). Dietary linseed oil added to diets at 2.5% lowered the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio from approx. 7:1 to below 2:1, thus reducing the antioxidant properties of diets measured using DPPH, ABTS and photo-chemiluminescence assays, compared with diets containing only soybean oil and administered to birds in the first phase of feeding. Fruit pomaces, in particular SSP with the highest polyphenol content (32.81 g/kg) and the highest antioxidant activity (256.4 μM Trolox/g), increased the antioxidant capacity of turkey diets. In comparison with the control group, the dietary treatments with fruit pomaces improved blood antioxidant parameters, including catalase activity (groups AP and BCP), the total antioxidant capacity of hydrophilic (group AP) and lipophilic (groups AP, SP, and SSP) compounds, peroxide levels (groups AP and SSP) and antioxidant capacity measured by the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power of plasma) assay (groups AP, BCP and SSP). Significantly lower concentrations of both vitamin E and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were noted in the livers of turkeys fed all diets with dried fruit pomaces

The effect of ensiling in round bales on the content of nitrogen fractions in lucerne and red clover protein

The aim of the study was to determine changes in nitrogen fractions during the ensiling of lucerne and red clover herbage in bales. Protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen compounds in herbage and silage were distinguished. Furthermore, buffer soluble nitrogen compounds (BSN) were determined and divided into buffer soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen (BSPN and NPBSN, respectively). In addition, peptide nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen were distinguished within the NPBSN fraction, while nitrogen compounds were divided into those of low solubility (NDIN) and completely insoluble (ADIN). The research findings confirmed the effect of a legume plant species on changes in the content of nitrogen fractions during the ensiling in round bales. The ensiling of lucerne herbage grossly decreased the protein nitrogen fraction while raising the total soluble fraction of nitrogen. Nitrogen in the form of soluble proteins, NDIN and ADIN was the least affected. The study demonstrated a different response of the two legume plant species to ensiling with respect to all fractions. A high proportion of protein nitrogen in round bale wilted red clover silage was accompanied by a large contribution of insoluble nitrogen fractions. A large share of the protein nitrogen fraction in red clover silage does not necessarily mean a higher nutritional value of the protein because it may contain a large amount of protein compounds that are non-hydrolysable by bacterial and intestinal enzymes

The effect of ensiling in round bales on the content of nitrogen fractions in lucerne and red clover protein

The aim of the study was to determine changes in nitrogen fractions during the ensiling of lucerne and red clover herbage in bales. Protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen compounds in herbage and silage were distinguished. Furthermore, buffer soluble nitrogen compounds (BSN) were determined and divided into buffer soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen (BSPN and NPBSN, respectively). In addition, peptide nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen were distinguished within the NPBSN fraction, while nitrogen compounds were divided into those of low solubility (NDIN) and completely insoluble (ADIN). The research findings confirmed the effect of a legume plant species on changes in the content of nitrogen fractions during the ensiling in round bales. The ensiling of lucerne herbage grossly decreased the protein nitrogen fraction while raising the total soluble fraction of nitrogen. Nitrogen in the form of soluble proteins, NDIN and ADIN was the least affected. The study demonstrated a different response of the two legume plant species to ensiling with respect to all fractions. A high proportion of protein nitrogen in round bale wilted red clover silage was accompanied by a large contribution of insoluble nitrogen fractions. A large share of the protein nitrogen fraction in red clover silage does not necessarily mean a higher nutritional value of the protein because it may contain a large amount of protein compounds that are non-hydrolysable by bacterial and intestinal enzymes