Gracia, Paloma: Las señales del destino heroico.

Sin resume

Madrid un modelo suprametropolitano de urbanización

The adjustment to the opportunities of the globalization does of Madrid one of the regions of major growth of Europa's south. The spatial dynamics nowadays domineering became in an urban form that exceeds the metropolitan traditional area of Madrid. Today, the demands of specializing soils expand the urban uses for the whole Community and originate new landscapes. This way, there arises a model of diffuse and polynuclear «city - region», who facilitates the evolution of the territory towards a network structure and the decrease of the pressure of the set of the Community on the downtown of the agglomeration of Madrid. The globalization impels also the inequalitys before the stable employment, the difficulties in the access to the housing in property for the minors' sectors levels of revenue and the spatial concentration of the foreign immigration. The response to these problems must prevent the dangers of exclusion and social marginality that start arising.La adaptación a las oportunidades de la globalización hace de Madrid una de las regiones de mayor crecimiento del sur de Europa. Las dinámicas espaciales de la globalización se materializan en una forma urbana que desborda el área metropolitana tradicional madrileña. Las demandas de suelos cada vez más especializados funcionalmente expanden los usos urbanos por toda la Comunidad y originan paisajes nuevos. Así, surge un modelo de «ciudad-región» difusa y polinuclear, que facilita la evolución del territorio hacia una estructura reticular y la disminución de la presión del conjunto de la Comunidad sobre el centro de la aglomeración madrileña. La globalización favorece también las desigualdades ante el empleo estable, las dificultades en el acceso a la vivienda en propiedad para los sectores de menores niveles de renta y la concentración espacial de la inmigración extranjera. La respuesta a estos problemas debe impedir los peligros de exclusión y marginación social que empiezan a surgir

Anisotropic thermal magnetoresistance for an active control of radiative heat transfer

We predict a huge anisotropic thermal magnetoresistance (ATMR) in the near-field radiative heat transfer between magneto-optical particles when the direction of an external magnetic field is changed with respect to the heat current direction. We illustrate this effect with the case of two InSb spherical particles where we find that the ATMR amplitude can reach values of up to 800% for a magnetic field of 5 T, which is many orders of magnitude larger than its spintronic analogue in electronic devices. This thermomagnetic effect could find broad applications in the fields of ultrafast thermal management as well as magnetic and thermal remote sensing.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Toledo. Planeamiento y especulación en ciudades históricas

Toledo is a city integrated by residential differentiated areas because the nature of the emplacement, the inheritance of the past, the protection criteria of the historical patrimony, the urban development programmes and the most recent urban policy. These residential areas are badly connected. Nevertheless, these circumstances have contributed that the historic core has come up to us well preserved. Precisely, this it was the reason that allowed the classification of Toledo in 1986 in the “World Heritage List of the Cities Patrimony of the Humanity”. Today, the patrimonial and environmental values of Toledo are threatened by a Municipal Planning Scheme that proposes the urbanization of the fertile plaines of the Tagus to integrate the different pieces of the city. In the practice, Toledo traverses the risk of turning into an outer suburb of the agglomeration of Madrid and, at best, into a “ thematic park of the history ”. The problems of cohesion of the city will see more aggravated that solved.Como consecuencia del emplazamiento, del pasado, de criterios de protección del patrimonio, de planteamientos urbanísticos y de dinámicas de urbanización, Toledo es una ciudad integrada por núcleos residenciales diferenciados, algunos muy alejados. No obstante, esas circunstancias han contribuido a que su Centro Histórico haya llegado hasta nosotros bien conservado. Precisamente, ese hecho, su riqueza monumental e importancia histórica, justificaron la calificación de Toledo en 1986 como “Ciudad Patrimonio de la Humanidad”. Hoy, los valores patrimoniales y medioambientales de Toledo se hallan amenazados por un Plan de Ordenación Municipal que propone la urbanización de las vegas del Tajo para integrar las diferentes piezas de la ciudad. En la práctica, es un proyecto especulativo que hará de Toledo una “ciudad dormitorio” más de la aglomeración madrileña y, en el mejor de los casos, un “parque temático de la historia”. Los problemas de cohesión de la ciudad se verán más agravados que resueltos

Sustainable DMC production from CO2 and renewable ammonia and methanol

[EN]One of the main goals of the green chemistry is to develop sustainable and less hazardous chemical processes and products. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is attracting attention due to the wide variety of applications and the possibility of producing it from carbon dioxide. In this work, the DMC production process via urea has been optimized. Two main sections can be distinguished: the synthesis of urea and the production of DMC. An equation based approach is used to model the system. The DMC production from renewable ammonia/methanol/CO2 presents a promising production cost, around 520 €/t. The production of urea alone has also been evaluated in this work. A sensitivity analysis is carried out showing the influence of the methanol price in the DMC cost and the ammonia price in the urea cost. A simplified sustainability index is used to evaluate the environmental performance of urea/DMC production

Monitoring changes of the tibialis anterior during dorsiflexion with electromyography, sonomyography, dynamometry and kinematic signals

Dorsiflexion (DF) of the foot plays an essential role in both controlling balance and human gait. Electromyography and Sonomyography can provide information on several aspects of muscle function. The aim was to describe a new method for real-time monitoring of muscular activity, as measured using EMG, muscular architecture, as measured using SMG, force, as measured using dynamometry, and kinematic parameters, as measured using IS during isometric and isotonic contractions of the foot DF. The present methodology may be clinically relevant because it involves a reproducible procedure which allows the function and structure of the foot DF to be monitored.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Seville; Spain; 25 September 2013 through 28 September 2013; Code 10172

Kinetic study of the methanogenic step of a two-stage anaerobic digestion process treating olive mill solid residue

5 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla.A kinetic study of the methanogenic step of a two-stage anaerobic digestion process treating two-phase olive oil mill solid residue (OMSR) was conducted at mesophilic temperature (35 °C). The anaerobic digestion of OMSR was carried out in two different steps. After a hydrolytic–acidogenic stage, working at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 12.9 g COD L−1 day−1 (COD: chemical oxygen demand), the effluents or acidified OMSR obtained were employed for feeding a second or methanogenic step. For the methanogenic step, OLRs of between 0.8 and 22.0 g COD L−1 day−1 were studied (corresponding to hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of between 142.9 and 4.6 days). The substrate treated in the second phase (acidified OMSR) had a high total concentration in volatile fatty acids (14.5 g CH3COOH L−1) and a high percentage of acetic acid as the main methane precursor (57.5% of the total concentration). As a consequence of the first step a high stability in the methanogenic stage was achieved. A total chemical oxygen demand balance was developed over the methanogenic step. For this model two considerations were taken in account: (1) volumetric flow constant during the experiments (the volume of effluent that was taken from the methanogenic reactor every day was equal to the volume of acidified OMSR fed). (2) Constant concentration of methanogenic microorganisms during the experiments (the slow growing rate of the methanogenic microorganisms makes it possible for the concentration of microorganisms over the process to remain constant). The cellular maintenance coefficient (m) and methane yield coefficient (YG/S) were found to be 0.016 g COD removed g−1 VSS day−1 and 0.261 L CH4 g−1 COD removed, respectively.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Spanish “Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia” (Project REN 2001-0472/TECNO) and the FECYT for providing financial support.Peer reviewe

On the structure of split Lie color algebras

AbstractThe class of Lie color algebras contains the one of Lie superalgebras and so the one of Lie algebras. In order to begin an approach to the structure of arbitrary Lie color algebras, (with no restrictions neither on the dimension nor on the base field), we introduce the class of split Lie color algebras as the natural extension of the classes of split Lie algebras and split Lie superalgebras. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of algebra, we show that any such algebra L is of the form L=U+∑jIj with U a subspace of the abelian (graded) subalgebra H and eachx Ij a well described (graded) ideal of L satisfying [Ij,Ik]=0 if j≠k. Under certain conditions, the simplicity of L is characterized and it is shown that L is the direct sum of the family of its minimal (graded) ideals, each one being a simple split Lie color algebra

Mitochondria and chromaffin cell function

Producción CientíficaChromaffin cells are an excellent model for stimulus– secretion coupling. Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCC) is the trigger for secretion, but the intracellular organelles contribute subtle nuances to the Ca2+ signal. The endoplasmic reticulum amplifies the cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]C) signal by Ca2+- induced Ca2+ release (CICR) and helps generation of microdomains with high [Ca2+]C (HCMD) at the subplasmalemmal region. These HCMD induce exocytosis of the docked secretory vesicles. Mitochondria close to VOCC take up large amounts of Ca2+ from HCMD and stop progression of the Ca2+ wave towards the cell core. On the other hand, the increase of [Ca2+] at the mitochondrial matrix stimulates respiration and tunes energy production to the increased needs of the exocytic activity. At the end of stimulation, [Ca2+]C decreases rapidly and mitochondria release the Ca2+ accumulated in the matrix through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. VOCC, CICR sites and nearby mitochondria form functional triads that co-localize at the subplasmalemmal area, where secretory vesicles wait ready for exocytosis. These triads optimize stimulus–secretion coupling while avoiding propagation of the Ca2+ signal to the cell core. Perturbation of their functioning in neurons may contribute to the genesis of excitotoxicity, ageing mental retardation and/or neurodegenerative disorders