Avaliação da incidência de antracnose, do desempenho e estado nutricional de variedades de mangueira, para cultivo orgânico, na região centro-norte do Estado de São Paulo.

A mudança do perfil do consumidor, aliada aos riscos da contaminação por agrotóxicos, tem levado à busca de alternativas ecologicamente apropriadas para produção de frutas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a incidência de antracnose, o desempenho e estado nutricional de variedades de mangueira conduzidas organicamente na região de Pindorama-SP. Foram utilizadas 17 variedades de mangueira. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento experimental em blocos completos ao acaso, com 17 tratamentos (variedades) e seis repetições. Foi avaliada a severidade de antracnose nas folhas, através de uma escala diagramática, atribuindo-se notas aos sintomas. Foram avaliados o crescimento e o desenvolvimento (altura da planta, perímetro do tronco e da copa) e o estado nutricional, mediante análise foliar, das diferentes variedades utilizadas. Através dos resultados obtidos, podem-se considerar como muito suscetíveis à antracnose as variedades Bourbon, Rocha e Rosa; e resistentes, as variedades IAC 111, Alfa, Beta e Parvin; as variedades de manga apresentaram o mesmo padrão de crescimento; as maiores alturas da planta corresponderam aos maiores diâmetros do tronco e da copa; a variedade Parvin apresentou o melhor desempenho dentre as variedades estudadas, com relação à resistência à antracnose, altura e diâmetro do caule e da copa, podendo ser recomendada ao cultivo orgânico. As variedades Omega e Alfa também apresentaram bom crescimento, podendo ser indicadas para esse cultivo, pelo menos nessa fase inicial; as variedades Surpresa e Rosa não apresentaram bom desempenho, no campo, em relação às demais, não devendo ser recomendadas para o cultivo orgânico, principalmente a variedade Rosa, bastante suscetível à antracnose. As concentrações de N, P e K foram elevadas na fase vegetativa das plantas, comparadas à baixa concentração de Ca; houve carência de Boro em todas as variedades estudadas. A manga Rosa, provavelmente, sofreu toxicidade ao excesso de manganês, ocasionando diminuição em seu desenvolvimento

Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk–outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of data-driven determination of a risk–outcome association. Age-sex-location-year-specific estimates were generated at global, regional, and national levels. Our approach followed the comparative risk assessment framework predicated on a causal web of hierarchically organised, potentially combinative, modifiable risks. Relative risks (RRs) of a given outcome occurring as a function of risk factor exposure were estimated separately for each risk–outcome pair, and summary exposure values (SEVs), representing risk-weighted exposure prevalence, and theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMRELs) were estimated for each risk factor. These estimates were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF; ie, the proportional change in health risk that would occur if exposure to a risk factor were reduced to the TMREL). The product of PAFs and disease burden associated with a given outcome, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yielded measures of attributable burden (ie, the proportion of total disease burden attributable to a particular risk factor or combination of risk factors). Adjustments for mediation were applied to account for relationships involving risk factors that act indirectly on outcomes via intermediate risks. Attributable burden estimates were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile and presented as counts, age-standardised rates, and rankings. To complement estimates of RR and attributable burden, newly developed burden of proof risk function (BPRF) methods were applied to yield supplementary, conservative interpretations of risk–outcome associations based on the consistency of underlying evidence, accounting for unexplained heterogeneity between input data from different studies. Estimates reported represent the mean value across 500 draws from the estimate's distribution, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) calculated as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile values across the draws. Findings: Among the specific risk factors analysed for this study, particulate matter air pollution was the leading contributor to the global disease burden in 2021, contributing 8·0% (95% UI 6·7–9·4) of total DALYs, followed by high systolic blood pressure (SBP; 7·8% [6·4–9·2]), smoking (5·7% [4·7–6·8]), low birthweight and short gestation (5·6% [4·8–6·3]), and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 5·4% [4·8–6·0]). For younger demographics (ie, those aged 0–4 years and 5–14 years), risks such as low birthweight and short gestation and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing (WaSH) were among the leading risk factors, while for older age groups, metabolic risks such as high SBP, high body-mass index (BMI), high FPG, and high LDL cholesterol had a greater impact. From 2000 to 2021, there was an observable shift in global health challenges, marked by a decline in the number of all-age DALYs broadly attributable to behavioural risks (decrease of 20·7% [13·9–27·7]) and environmental and occupational risks (decrease of 22·0% [15·5–28·8]), coupled with a 49·4% (42·3–56·9) increase in DALYs attributable to metabolic risks, all reflecting ageing populations and changing lifestyles on a global scale. Age-standardised global DALY rates attributable to high BMI and high FPG rose considerably (15·7% [9·9–21·7] for high BMI and 7·9% [3·3–12·9] for high FPG) over this period, with exposure to these risks increasing annually at rates of 1·8% (1·6–1·9) for high BMI and 1·3% (1·1–1·5) for high FPG. By contrast, the global risk-attributable burden and exposure to many other risk factors declined, notably for risks such as child growth failure and unsafe water source, with age-standardised attributable DALYs decreasing by 71·5% (64·4–78·8) for child growth failure and 66·3% (60·2–72·0) for unsafe water source. We separated risk factors into three groups according to trajectory over time: those with a decreasing attributable burden, due largely to declining risk exposure (eg, diet high in trans-fat and household air pollution) but also to proportionally smaller child and youth populations (eg, child and maternal malnutrition); those for which the burden increased moderately in spite of declining risk exposure, due largely to population ageing (eg, smoking); and those for which the burden increased considerably due to both increasing risk exposure and population ageing (eg, ambient particulate matter air pollution, high BMI, high FPG, and high SBP). Interpretation: Substantial progress has been made in reducing the global disease burden attributable to a range of risk factors, particularly those related to maternal and child health, WaSH, and household air pollution. Maintaining efforts to minimise the impact of these risk factors, especially in low SDI locations, is necessary to sustain progress. Successes in moderating the smoking-related burden by reducing risk exposure highlight the need to advance policies that reduce exposure to other leading risk factors such as ambient particulate matter air pollution and high SBP. Troubling increases in high FPG, high BMI, and other risk factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome indicate an urgent need to identify and implement interventions

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Período de armazenamento e da massa na germinação de sementes de mangueira da variedade Carabao

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n3p129 A mangueira é considerada uma espécie que produz sementes recalcitrantes, que possuem problemas com o armazenamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do período de armazenamento e da massa na germinação de sementes de mangueira Carabao. Os frutos foram colhidos e os caroços colocados para secar. As sementes foram pesadas e separadas em duas classes: I, com massa de até 19,0g, e II, acima de 19,0g, tratadas com Thiabendazol 60%, embaladas em sacos transparentes de polietileno perfurados, e mantidas no laboratório. As sementes foram postas para germinar diretamente em sacos plásticos. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, que consistiram de cinco períodos de armazenamento: 0 (zero), 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Também foi realizada a análise de regressão. Devido ao pequeno número de sementes com massa inferior a 19,0g, a germinação com separação de classes foi realizada somente nos períodos de zero e sete dias de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que as sementes de manga da variedade Carabao, tratadas com fungicida, apresentam melhor desempenho semeadas após sete dias de armazenamento em sacos de polietileno e que a massa das sementes de manga influi positivamente na sua germinação

Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on lymphocytes of leprosy patients

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-11-25T16:42:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on lymphocytes of leprosy patients..pdf: 219393 bytes, checksum: fd257a2469de7fd6e36b9c20f1501b9b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-11-25T16:46:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on lymphocytes of leprosy patients..pdf: 219393 bytes, checksum: fd257a2469de7fd6e36b9c20f1501b9b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-25T16:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on lymphocytes of leprosy patients..pdf: 219393 bytes, checksum: fd257a2469de7fd6e36b9c20f1501b9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil/Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Laboratório de Imunologia. Diamantina, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Laboratório de Imunologia. Diamantina, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Clínica Médica. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil/ Centro Universitário Newton Paiva. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil/Universidade Vale do Rio Verde. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Clínica Médica. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilLeprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which induces chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripheral nerves. The disease ranges from the tuberculoid to the lepromatous forms, depending on the cellular immune response of the host.Chemokines are thought to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of leprosy, but few studies have investigated the expression of chemokine receptors on leukocytes of leprosy patients. In the present study, we evaluated 21 leprosy patients (M/F: 16/5) with a new diagnosis from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais. The control group was composed of 20 healthy members (M/F: 15/5) of the community recruited by means of announcements. The expression of CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4 was investigated by flow cytometry on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes. There was a decrease in percentage of CD3+CXCR4+ and CD4+CXCR4+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of leprosy patients (median [range], 17.6 [2.7-41.9] and 65.3 [3.9-91.9], respectively) compared to the control group (median [range], 43.0 [3.7-61.3] and 77.2 [43.6-93.5], respectively). The percentage of CD4+CXCR4+ was significantly lower in patients with the tuberculoid form (median [range], 45.7 [0.0-83.1]) of the disease, but not in lepromatous patients (median [range], 81.5 [44.9-91.9]). The CXCR4 chemokine receptor may play a role in leprosy immunopathogenesis, probably directing cell migration to tissue lesions in tuberculoid leprosy patients

Storage of 'Espada' mango fruits in modified atmosphere and cooling: effects on conservation

Introduction: Brazil is a major producer of mangoes, but the export volume is still small because of the short shelf life of this fruit. The objectives of our work were to evaluate the effect of modifying the storage atmosphere using plastic film and temperature, according to different periods of storage, on the characteristics of Espada mango grown organically. Material and methods. Seven treatments were applied to the fruits after their harvest: fruits stored at room temperature; at 12 degrees C / 80-90% relative humidity (RH); washed and stored at room temperature; washed and stored at 12 degrees C / 80-90% RH; washed, packed in PVC and stored at room temperature; washed, packaged in PVC and stored at 12 degrees C / 80-90% RH; and fruits harvested on the same day of evaluations, at (5, 9, 13, 16 and 21) days of storage. Results and discussion. Storage at 12 degrees C and 80-90% RH was more efficient in delaying fruit ripening, with minor evolution of peel and pulp color and soluble solids contents; this treatment also delayed the development of anthracnose. Fruits packed in PVC and stored at room temperature kept the peel and pulp color for 13 days, compared with 9 days for non-packaged fruits. The ideal time to harvest the Espada variety occurs at 165 days after the onset of flowering, with an index of 3 for skin color (equal amounts of green and yellow) and pulp color (yellow pulp), and soluble solids of 8.5 degrees Brix. The low severity of anthracnose found at different evaluation times indicates the probable tolerance of the Espada variety to the pathogen.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Vivre le territoire et faire la ville autrement ?

La ville et le territoire sont confrontés, en tant que construits sociaux, à des transformations rapides qui posent la question des mécanismes de résilience, des nouvelles formes d’action et du rôle des acteurs, publics ou privés, qui prennent en compte les bouleversements en cours. Ainsi, la créativité et l’innovation se trouvent au cœur de la réflexion urbaine et territoriale. L’ouvrage se structure autour de trois grands champs de réflexion : d’abord celui de l’innovation, de la culture, et de la formation en relation avec le développement territorial ; ensuite l’environnement, vu comme un bien public, notamment grâce à sa gestion, sa protection et la participation citoyenne ; et enfin la gouvernance, la planification et le projet urbain vus à travers le prisme des pratiques, expériences et mobilisations.Current mutations of cities and territories raise the question of new forms of action and the role of public and private actors. Creativity and innovation are at the heart of the reflection. This book provides answers on issues of urban innovation, territorial development and living together in France and Brazil

Role of body mass index and gestational weight gain on preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes

The association of body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with preterm birth (PTB) remains controversial in the literature. To evaluate different maternal BMI and GWG categories, according to the initial BMI, in relation to different PTB subtypes and perinatal outcomes, we conducted a secondary analysis of a multicentre cross-sectional study, along with a nested case-control study including PTB from 20 centers in Brazil. Pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a lower risk of provider-initiated PTB, while overweight and obesity were associated with a higher risk of provider-initiated PTB and a lower risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Insufficient gestational weight gain was associated with a higher prevalence of spontaneous PTB and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Excessive GWG correlated with a higher prevalence of provider-initiated PTB or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Irrespective of the initial BMI, the greater the rate of GWG, the higher the predicted probability of all PTB subtypes, except for spontaneous PTB in underweight women and those with normal BMI. On multivariate analysis, the initial BMI was shown to be the only factor associated with pi-PTB. Briefly, further studies evaluating the risk for PTB should consider that GWG may have a different role depending on the initial BMI and PTB subtype9CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP401636/2013-5sem informaçãoFAPESP (Foundation for Research Support of the State of Sao Paulo) BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); CNPq (Brazilian National Research Council) BrazilNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationGates Foundation [401636/2013-5, 05/2013]; Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [401636/2013-5, 05/2013

Cluster analysis identifying clinical phenotypes of preterm birth and related maternal and neonatal outcomes from the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth

To explore a conceptual framework of clinical conditions associated with preterm birth (PTB) by cluster analysis, assessing determinants for different PTB subtypes and related maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods Secondary analysis of the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth of 33 740 births in 20 maternity hospitals between April 2011 and July 2012. In accordance with a prototype concept based on maternal, fetal, and placental conditions, an adapted k-means model and fuzzy algorithm were used to identify clusters using predefined conditions. The mains outcomes were phenotype clusters and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results Among 4150 PTBs, three clusters of PTB phenotypes were identified: women who had PTB without any predefined conditions; women with mixed conditions; and women who had pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and fetal growth restriction. The prevalence of different preterm subtypes differed significantly in the three clusters, varying from 80.95% of provider-initiated PTBs in cluster 3-6.62% in cluster 1 (P<0.001). Although some maternal characteristics differed among the clusters, maternal and neonatal outcomes did not. Conclusions The analysis identified three clusters with distinct phenotypes. Women from the different clusters had different subtypes of PTB and maternal and pregnancy characteristics.1461110117CNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São PauloSem informaçãoSem informaçã