Configuração espacial da Dengue no contexto socioeconômico de Alfenas/MG: Retrato de uma década

Introduction: The relation between dengue and socioeconomic factors is object of controversy and there’s no record of studies in Alfenas-MG that had described such interaction in a municipal scale. Objectives: Characterize and group the census sectors of Alfenas-MG in socioeconomic levels and describe the distribution of the dengue cases around the area. Methods: Transversal study, in which were used demographic variables, multivariate statistics and analysis of the group to generate parameters of socioeconomic stratification. Confirmed cases of classic dengue between the years of 2001 to 2010 were geocoded to estimate the density of points by the Kernel’s Technique and describe the spatial distribution of the disease by the socioeconomic clusters. Results: There were obtained four clusters that grouped the census units in socioeconomic levels, in which the number 1 is regarded as the best, and the number 4 the worst, and the extracts 2 and 3 as intermediary levels. The residency’s area from the cases made several groups, with a random distribution around the territory, in an indifferent way to the socioeconomic results. The concentration of points varied both located in sectors with better socioeconomic condition and in less privileged areas, as the middle of census areas with distinct levels. Conclusion: The results points toward the direction that there were no relations at all between the levels of geographic distribution of the disease with the different socioeconomic groups of the City to the studied period.Introdução: A relação entre dengue e fatores socioeconômicos é objeto de controvérsia e não há registro de estudos em Alfenas-MG que tenham descrito tal interação na escala municipal. Objetivos: Caracterizar e agrupar os setores censitários de Alfenas-MG em níveis socioeconômicos e descrever a distribuição dos casos de dengue pelo território. Métodos: Estudo transversal em que foram utilizadas variáveis demográficas, estatística multivariada e análise de agrupamentos para gerar parâmetros de estratificação socioeconômica. Os casos confirmados de dengue clássico entre os anos de 2001 e 2010 foram geocodificados para estimar a densidade de pontos pela Técnica de Kernel e descrever a distribuição espacial da doença pelos clusters socioeconômicos. Resultados: Foram obtidos quatro clusters que agruparam as unidades censitárias em níveis socioeconômicos, sendo o número 1 considerado como melhor, o número 4 como pior, e os extratos 2 e 3 como níveis intermediários. Os locais de residência dos casos formaram diversos aglomerados, com distribuição aleatória pelo território, de forma indiferente aos níveis socioeconômicos. Ou seja, foi possível visualizar concentrações de casos de dengue tanto nas regiões com melhor perfil socioeconômico quanto nas áreas menos favorecidas quanto ao saneamento ambiental, condições de renda, escolaridade e adensamento populacional. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam que não houve relação alguma entre o padrão de distribuição geográfica da doença com os diferentes agrupamentos socioeconômicos do Município para o período estudado

Comparison of Rumen Fluid pH by Continuous Telemetry System and Bench pH Meter in Sheep with Different Ranges of Ruminal pH

We aimed to compare the measurements of sheep ruminal pH using a continuous telemetry system or a bench pH meter using sheep with different degrees of ruminal pH. Ruminal lactic acidosis was induced in nine adult crossbred Santa Ines sheep by the administration of 15 g of sucrose per kg/BW. Samples of rumen fluid were collected at the baseline, before the induction of acidosis (T0) and at six, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the induction for pH measurement using a bench pH meter. During this 72-hour period, all animals had electrodes for the continuous measurement of pH. The results were compared using the Bland-Altman analysis of agreement, Pearson coefficients of correlation and determination, and paired analysis of variance with Student’s t-test. The measurement methods presented a strong correlation (r=0.94, P<0.05) but the rumen pH that was measured continuously using a telemetry system resulted in lower values than the bench pH meter (overall mean of 5.38 and 5.48, resp., P=0.0001). The telemetry system was able to detect smaller changes in rumen fluid pH and was more accurate in diagnosing both subacute ruminal lactic acidosis and acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research