70 research outputs found
Imunoterapija karcinoma prostate
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and also one of the leading causes of their cancer-related deaths. Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, agents providing durable disease control and long-term survival are still needed. Therefore, various anti-cancer immunotherapy approaches are being explored in prostate cancer patients. This review provides a short overview of the various approaches. However, apart from the vaccine sipuleucel-T which has received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the majority of other approaches have still not reached phase 3 clinical trials.Rak prostate po incidenciji i mortalitetu spada meÄu najÄeÅ”Äe tumore u muÅ”karaca. Usprkos nedavnim postignuÄima u lijeÄenju hormonski rezistentnog raka prostate, i dalje postoji potreba istraživanja i pronalaženja lijekova koji mogu omoguÄiti kvalitetnu dugotrajnu remisiju metastatske bolesti ili izljeÄenje. PosljediÄno, istraživanja ukljuÄuju i razne imunoterapijske pristupe. U prikazanom radu dan je kratak pregled imunoterapijskih pristupa. MeÄutim, osim vakcine sipuleucel-T, koja je adobrena od ameriÄke agencije za hranu i lijekove, veÄina drugih imunoterapijskih pristupa nije uÅ”la u treÄu fazu kliniÄkog ispitivanja
Imunoterapija tumora: mehanizam djelovanja
The prospect of eff ectively treating cancer patients with immunotherapy is now becoming a clinical reality. This is a consequence of clinically relevant and successful results obtained by applying monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint inhibitor receptors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy to patients with otherwise lethal cancers. Despite this success, only a limited number of cancer types and a subset of cancer patients currently respond to these therapies. Eff orts are now made to increase the number of cancer types and patients that can be treated successfully. This is an overview of the various approaches taken to this end.KliniÄka imunoterapija onkoloÅ”kih bolesnika je postala kliniÄka realnost. To je posljedica kliniÄki relevantnih i uspjeÅ”nih rezultata dobivenih primjenom monoklonskih protutijela protiv imunoloÅ”kih kontrolnih molekula funkcije inhibitornih receptora te T-limfocita s kimeriÄnim antigenskim receptorima. Usprkos tim uspjeÅ”nim i obeÄavajuÄim rezultatima, rezultati su postignuti samo protiv dijela tumora i opet u samo dijela bolesnika se postiže terapijski odgovor. U prikazanom radu dan je kratak pregled tih raznih imunoterapijskih pristupa
Imunoterapija raka debeloga crijeva
Recent successful results of a relatively new immunotherapeutic anti-cancer strategy based on the blockade of immune inhibitory pathways by monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint molecules can be considered as a medical breakthrough in clinical cancer immunotherapy. This type of immunotherapy became a standard part of systemic therapy protocols in the treatment of some metastatic solid tumors such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, genitourinary cancers, Merkel-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and solid tumors with DNA high microsatellite instability or DNA mismatch-repair deficiency. Recent progress in colorectal cancer genome analysis, and also supported by clinical observations, indicates that patients with DNA mismatch repair deficiency or microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancers are a distinct biomarker-defined population that might benefit from immunotherapy treatment with monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint molecules. This treatment has therefore become a new treatment option for this colorectal cancer subgroup of patients. However, besides tumor microsatellite instability or mismatch-repair deficiency status, other predictive biomarkers are also needed since not all these tumors respond to anti-check point immunotherapy treatment. This paper aims to present a basic overview of immunotherapy in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer patients.Nedavni uspjeÅ”ni rezultati razmjerno novog imunoterapijskog pristupa baziranog na blokadi imunoloÅ”kih inhibitornih molekularnih puteva s monoklonskim antitijelima protiv molekula kontrolnih toÄaka mogu se smatrati medicinskim iskorakom u kliniÄkoj onkologiji. Taj tip imunoterapije postao je standardni dio protokola sistemne terapije nekih metastatskih tumora poput melanoma, raka nemalih stanica pluÄa, genitourinarnog karcinoma, karcinoma Merkelovih stanica, raka ploÄastih stanica glave i vrata i solidnih tumora s visokom mikrosatelitskom nestabilnoÅ”Äu ili manjkom popravka krivo sparenih baza DNA. Noviji rezultati molekularnih analiza genoma raka debelog crijeva, takoÄer poduprti kliniÄkim opažanjima, upuÄuju na to da su bolesnici s karcinomima u kojih postoji izražena mikrosatelitska nestabilnost ili nemoguÄnost popravka krivo sparenih baza DNA zasebna biomarkerom definirana populacija koja može imati koristi od lijeÄenja monoklonskim antitijelima protiv imunoloÅ”kih molekula kontrolnih toÄaka. Na temelju tih rezultata taj je imunoterapijski pristup postao nova terapijska opcija za tu podskupinu bolesnika s kolorektalnim rakom. Pa ipak, uz mikrosatelitsku nestabilnosti ili nemoguÄnost popravka krivo sparenih baza DNA potrebni su i drugi biomarkeri jer je taj imunoterapijski pristup uÄinkovit samo u dijelu tih bolesnika. Cilj je ovoga rada dati osnovni prikaz imunoterapije u tih bolesnika
Recent advances in clinical anti-cancer immunotherapy
Recent successful results with the relatively novel immunotherapeutic
anti-cancer strategies such as adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), engineered T
cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), therapeutic Sipuleucil-T vaccine and checkpoint blockade inhibitors, do indicate that patientās immune system can be effectively used against autologous tumor cells. Interactions between the immune system and the malignancy are complex but the results obtained using the above mentioned therapeutic approaches indicate acceptable clinical utility, efficacy and safety against several types of cancer. Much work still lies ahead but the success achieved with these modern immunotherapies is undeniable. This paper aims to present a short basic overview of these recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, but one should keep in mind that this field is in a dynamic stage given its success and that many immunotherapeutic agents, not all of them mentioned, are undergoing active
clinical testing
Recent advances in clinical anti-cancer immunotherapy
Recent successful results with the relatively novel immunotherapeutic
anti-cancer strategies such as adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), engineered T
cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), therapeutic Sipuleucil-T vaccine and checkpoint blockade inhibitors, do indicate that patientās immune system can be effectively used against autologous tumor cells. Interactions between the immune system and the malignancy are complex but the results obtained using the above mentioned therapeutic approaches indicate acceptable clinical utility, efficacy and safety against several types of cancer. Much work still lies ahead but the success achieved with these modern immunotherapies is undeniable. This paper aims to present a short basic overview of these recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, but one should keep in mind that this field is in a dynamic stage given its success and that many immunotherapeutic agents, not all of them mentioned, are undergoing active
clinical testing
Kolorektalni rak ā uvodnik
This introductory type of article provides a brief overview of the current clinical status of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC ranks as one of the most prevalent and incident cancers and is also between the deadliest ones worldwide, along with lung and breast cancers. A majority of CRCs are sporadic, with age being the most important risk factor. CRC appears to be a complex, heterogeneous disease that involves multiple signaling pathways and tumors that appear histologically identical may have different prognoses and different responses to treatment. CRC develops through gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes, resulting in the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer. Basically, the treatment for colorectal cancer varies by tumor location, stage at diagnosis and patientās general condition. Any available data about the genes and/or molecular pathways that regulate activities such as cell growth, death or apoptosis, DNA repair, malignant alteration, etc. should also be taken into consideration. Recent polychemotherapy protocols along with the use of inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways have enhanced the therapeutic responses and potentially also the patient prognoses. The treatment of CRC is expected to become more and more routinely based on identified molecular CRC subtypes and on validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers relatively soon (within several years), which should provide to patients better therapeutic outcomes with less side-effects.U prikazanom uvodnom radu dan je kratak pregled kliniÄkih aktualnosti u sporadiÄnom kolorektalnom raku (KR). KR je u svijetu, zajedno s rakom pluÄa i rakom dojke, jedan od najÄeÅ”Äih tipova raka kako po incidenciji tako i u prevalenciji. Nažalost, meÄu zloÄudnim tumorima je jedan i od ÄeÅ”Äih uzroka smrti. VeÄina KR je sporadiÄna, s dobi kao jednim od najvažnih faktora rizika. Dijagnoza kolorektalnog raka bazira se na patohistoloÅ”kim karakteristikama, ali rezultati molekularnih istraživanja ukazuju da se radi o skupini heterogenih tumora, koji se razlikuju u patogenezi, molekularnim aberacijama, prognozi i odgovoru na primijenjeno lijeÄenje. KR se razvija kroz postepenu akumulaciju genskih i epigenetskih promjena, s posljedicom transformacije normalni stanica mukoze u invazivni rak. Strategija lijeÄenja raka kolorektuma se prvenstveno temelji na smjeÅ”taju tumora, procjeni uznapredovalosti i proÅ”irenosti tumora te opÄem stanju bolesnika. Ipak, sve ÄeÅ”Äe kada je moguÄe, u obzir se uzimaju geni i/ili molekularni putevi koji reguliraju aktivnosti kao npr. rast i diobu stanica, njihovu smrt ili apoptozu, popravak molekula DNA, i druge sliÄne staniÄne aktivnosti. Razmjerno noviji polikemoterapijski protokoli kao i uporaba inhibitora vaskularnog endotelijalnog faktora rasta i receptora za epidermalni faktor rasta poboljÅ”ali su lijeÄenje, a moguÄe i prognozu bolesnika. Za oÄekivati je da Äe se unutar nekoliko slijedeÄih godina lijeÄenje bolesnika s kolorektalnim rakom sve viÅ”e i viÅ”e temeljiti na nalazu molekularnih subtipova raka i prema validiranim prognostiÄkim i prediktivnim parametrima, jer bi takav pristup trebao osigurati bolju terapijsku uÄinkovitost i manje nuspojava
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