THE INFLUENCE OF COMPACTION METHODS ON THE PROPERTIES OF HOLLOW CONCRETE BRICKS UTILIZING FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH

This study focuses on the maximal use of industrial waste from burning coal, i.e. fly ash and bottom ash, in making hollow concrete bricks (HCB). Fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) obtained from East Java, Indonesia, is incorporated to partly replace the use of Portland cement and natural sand. The purposes of the study are to determine the appropriate mix proportion incorporating the maximal use of waste products and to evaluate the effectiveness of three compaction methods, i.e. Manual, Vibration with load and Static compaction. This study is part of an effort to produce environmentally friendly construction materials for sustainable development. The optimum composition of the mixtures was found to be the use of 31% FA of the total binder and 24% BA of the total filler, with the filler-to-binder ratio of 8.6 by mass. Among the three compaction methods studied, it was found that the maximum compressive strength of 66.9 kg/cm2 was achieved when applying the Vibration-with-load compaction method with 3 layers, 7 second vibration period and 40 kg block weight. This compressive strength satisfies the requirement for Grade II concrete brick in accordance to Indonesian National Standard SNI 03-0349-1989. The water absorption of HCB produced from all the mixes was found small, less than 15%, satisfies the requirement of maximum water absorption in accordance to the standard

Early tourism writing at the Jagiellonian University, Kraków (15th c.-mid-17th C.)

The author attempts to outline early tourism writing by professors and graduates from the Kraków Academy (Akademia Krakowska), the majority of which are geographic and cartographic works. Among the authors, Jan Długosz, Wawrzyniec Korwin, Jan z Głogowa, Maciej z Miechowa (Miechowita), Bernard Wapowski and Marcin Kromer should be mentioned

Central meson production in diffractive reactions

I discuss double-diffractive (double-elastic) production of the $\eta'$ and $\eta_c$ mesons in the $pp \to p X p$ reaction within the formalism of unintegrated gluon distribution functions (UGDF). The contribution of $\gamma^* \gamma^* \to \eta'$ fusion is estimated. The distributions in the Feynman $x_F$ (or rapidity), transferred four-momenta squared between initial and final protons ($t_1$, $t_2$) and azimuthal angle difference between outgoing protons ($\Phi$) are calculated and discussed. The results are compared with the WA102 data. Predictions at higher energies are presented.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures a talk at International Workshop on Diffraction in High-Energy Physics - DIFFRACTION 2006, Adamantas, Milos island, Greece, September 5-10, 200

Diffractive Double-Elastic Production of η\eta' and ηc\eta_c in the pp→pXpp p \to p X p Reaction

I discuss double-diffractive (double-elastic) production of the $\eta'$ and $\eta_c$ mesons in the $pp \to p X p$ reaction within the formalism of unintegrated gluon distribution functions (UGDF). The contribution of $\gamma^* \gamma^* \to \eta'$ fusion is estimated. The distributions in the Feynman $x_F$ (or rapidity), transferred four-momenta squared between initial and final protons ($t_1$, $t_2$) and azimuthal angle difference between outgoing protons ($\Phi$) are calculated and discussed. The results are compared with the WA102 data. Predictions at higher energies are presented.Comment: a talk presented at the international conference MESON2006, Cracow, Poland, June, 2006; 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

New baryonic and mesonic observables from NA61/SHINE

One of the main objectives of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS is to study properties of strongly interacting matter. This paper presents new results on observables relevant for this part of the NA61/SHINE programme. These include the first ever measurements of $\phi$ meson production in p+p collisions at 40 and 80 GeV, and most detailed ever experimental data at 158 GeV. This contribution demonstrates the superior accuracy of the present dataset with respect to existing measurements. The comparison of p+p to Pb+Pb collisions shows a non-trivial system size dependence of the longitudinal evolution of hidden strangeness production, contrasting with that of other mesons. Furthermore, proton density fluctuations are investigated as a possible order parameter of the second order phase transition in the neighbourhood of the critical point (CP) of strongly interacting matter. An intermittency analysis is performed of the proton second scaled factorial moments in transverse momentum space. A previous analysis of this sort revealed significant power-law fluctuations for the "Si"+Si system at 158A GeV measured by the NA49 experiment. The fitted power-law exponent was consistent within errors with the theoretically expected critical value, a result suggesting a baryochemical potential in the vicinity of the CP of about 250 MeV. The analysis will now be extended to NA61/SHINE systems of similar size, Be+Be and Ar+Sc, at 150A GeV. Finally, spectator-induced electromagnetic (EM) effects on charged meson production are being studied and bring information on the space-time position of the pion formation zone, which appears to be much closer to the spectator system for faster pions than for slower ones. On that basis, we demonstrate that the longitudinal evolution of the system at CERN SPS energies may be interpreted as a pure consequence of local energy-momentum conservation

Diffractive pQCD mechanisms of exclusive production of bbˉb \bar b dijets and W+W−W^+ W^- pairs in proton-proton collisions

We discuss central exclusive production of $W^+W^-$ pairs in proton-proton collisions at LHC. Predictions for the total cross section and differential distributions in transverse momentum of $W^{\pm}$ and $WW$ invariant mass are presented. We discuss both $\gamma \gamma \to W^+ W^-$ mechanism as well as a new mechanism of exclusive diffractive production. The amplitude for the latter process is calculated in the Durham model. We compare the two (QED and QCD) types of contributions. The diffractive contribution is only a small fraction of fb compared to the $\gamma \gamma$ contribution which is of the order of 100 fb. This opens a possibility of searches for anomalous four-boson $\gamma \gamma W^+ W^-$ coupling due to physics beyond Standard Model.Comment: invited talk at the DIS2012 workshop, Bonn, Germany, 26-30 March 201

New vistas in charm production

We discuss some new aspects of charm production trigerred by recent observations of the LHCb collaboration. The LHCb collaboration measured small asymmetries in production of $D^+ D^-$ mesons as well as $D_s^+ D_s^-$ mesons. Is this related to initial quark/antiquark asymmetries in the proton ? Here we discuss a scenario in which unfavored fragmentations $q/{\bar q} \to D$ and $s/{\bar s} \to D_s$ are responsible for the asymmetries. We fix the strength of such fragmentations -- transition probabilities, by adjusting to the size of the LHCb asymmetries. This has consequences for production of $D$ mesons in forward directions (large $x_F$) as well as at low energies. Large asymmetries are predicted then in these regions. We present here some of our predictions. Consequences for high-energy neutrino production in the atmosphere are discussed and quantified. The production of $\Lambda_c$ baryon at the LHC is disussed. Large deviations from the independent-parton fragmentation picture are found.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures invited talk at ISMD2018, Singapore, September 4-7, 201