Kinetic versus Magnetic Chaos in Toroidal Plasmas: A systematic quantitative comparison

Magnetic field line chaos occurs under the presence of non-axisymmetric perturbations of an axisymmetric equilibrium and is manifested by the destruction of smooth flux surfaces formed by the field lines. These perturbations also render the particle motion, as described by the guiding center dynamics, non-integrable and, therefore, chaotic. However, the chaoticities of the magnetic field lines and the particle orbits significantly differ both in strength and radial location in a toroidal configuration, except for the case of very low-energy particles whose orbits closely follow the magnetic field lines. The chaoticity of more energetic particles, undergoing large drifts with respect to the magnetic field lines, crucially determines the confinement properties of a toroidal device but cannot be inferred from that of the underlying magnetic field. In this work, we implement the Smaller ALignment Index (SALI) method for detecting and quantifying chaos, allowing for a systematic comparison between magnetic and kinetic chaos. The efficient quantification of chaos enables the assignment of a value characterizing the chaoticity of each orbit in the space of the three constants of the motion, namely energy, magnetic moment and toroidal momentum. The respective diagrams provide a unique overview of the different effects of a specific set of perturbations on the entire range of trapped and passing particles, as well as the radial location of the chaotic regions, offering a valuable tool for the study of particle energy and momentum transport and confinement properties of a toroidal fusion device.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figure

Role of the edge electric field in the resonant mode-particle interactions and the formation of transport barriers in toroidal plasmas

The impact of an edge radial electric field on the particle orbits and the orbital spectrum in an axisymmetric toroidal magnetic equilibrium is investigated using a guiding center canonical formalism. Poloidal and bounce/transit-averaged toroidal precession frequencies are calculated, highlighting the role of the radial electric field. The radial electric field is shown to drastically modify the resonance conditions between particles with certain kinetic characteristics and specific perturbative non-axisymmetric modes and to enable the formation of transport barriers. The locations of the resonances and the transport barriers, that determine the particle, energy and momentum transport are shown to be accurately pinpointed in the phase space, by employing the calculated orbital frequencies.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figure