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The Relationship between Trigger Price and Punishment Period in Green and Porter (1984) Game made Endogenous

Green and Porter (1984) made a huge contribution to Industrial Organization Theory where a trigger price is defined by firms and whenever the price falls below this trigger price, the firms cease to produce at the monopoly level and enter into a punishment period. Our goal with this paper is to define, endogenously in the model, relationships between the trigger price and the punishment period, which were set exogenously in the original paper.Green and Porter (1984); trigger price; punishment period

Análise das deslocações do Elefante Africano (Loxodonta africana) em função de factores ambientais e actividades humanas na Reserva Florestal de Moribane, Moçambique

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, 10 de Dezembro de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.Este estudo foi realizado na Reserva Florestal de Moribane, na Província de Manica em Moçambique. Tinha por objectivo avaliar a frequência das manadas a água, a tipos de habitats e em campos agrícolas, por estação do ano e durante o dia e noite, bem como analisar as deslocações por cada manada, relacionando as deslocações com os factores altitude, declives e orientação de encostas. Para o estudo das deslocações, três manadas foram monitoradas de Maio de 2011 a Fevereiro de 2013 (exceptuando a manada 1 com dois meses de estudo) usando colares GPS-VHF. Foram usadas duas imagens LANDSAT 8, para a classificação da vegetação e o Google Earth para a validação. Para determinar a presença de água recorreu-se ao Índice NDWI, também foram usadas duas imagens de Satélite -Aster para determinação das altitudes, declives e orientação de encostas. [...].ABSTRACT: This study was conducted in Moribane Forest Reserve, in Manica Province-Mozambique. The objective was to assess the frequency of herds in the water, in the types of habitats and agricultural fields, by season, and during day and night as well as analyze journeys by herds relating them to the factors like altitude, slopes, orientation of slopes. For the study of the three movements herds were monitored from May 2011 to February 2013 (with the exception of the first herd that had two months of study) using GPS - VHF collars. Two images Landsat 8 were used for classification of vegetation, and Google Earth for validation. The NDWI index was used to determine the presence of water per station. Was used two images Aster-satellite to determine the altitude, slope and orientation of slopes. [...]

Impact evaluation of the fiscal incentive system for corporate research & development

The Fiscal Incentive Scheme for Corporate Research and Development (R&D), more commonly known by its acronym SIFIDE has been in force since 1997 with only a small interruption in the fiscal years of 2004 and 2005. Yet, despite its relevance, both financial and institutional, it remains largely unstudied. Using firm-level microdata from four different sources, this dissertation aims fill the gap in the empirical literature and study the impact the incentive has had on the R&D effort of supported firms through the usage of a matching estimator. The findings suggest that SIFIDE had a positive and significant impact while, at the same time, being a cost-effective policy. During the period analysed, from 2006 to 2007, for each euro of forgone tax revenue, between 1.26 and 1.88 euros were spent by the firms which benefited from these tax credits in R&D activities. The results are in line with those of several authors who, in recent years, studied similar incentive schemes in other countries.O Sistema de Incentivos Fiscais à Investigação e Desenvolvimento (I&D) Empresarial, mais conhecido pelo seu acrónimo SIFIDE está em vigor desde 1997 com apenas uma pequena interrupção nos anos fiscais de 2004 e 2005. No entanto, apesar da sua relevância quer financeira quer institucional, mantém-se fundamentalmente por estudar. Utilizando microdados ao nível da empresa de quatro fontes diferentes, esta dissertação procura preencher o espaço vazio na literatura empírica estudando o impacto que este incentivo tem tido no esforço de I&D das empresas por ele apoiadas, utilizando para o efeito um estimador de emparelhamento. As conclusões do estudo sugerem que o SIFIDE teve um impacto significativo e positivo conseguindo, simultaneamente, ser uma política custoeficaz. Durante o período analisado, de 2006 a 2007, por cada euro perdido em coleta fiscal não efetuada, entre 1,26 e 1,88 euros foram gastos, pelas empresas que beneficiaram desses créditos fiscais, em atividades de I&D. Os resultados encotram-se em linha com os outros autores que, em anos recentes, estudaram sistemas de incentivo semelhantes noutros países

Perceptions of parenting practices and psychological variables of elite and sub-elite youth athletes

Drawing from the model of parental involvement in sport, the overall purpose was to examine the associations of perceptions of parenting practices (encouragement, reinforcement, instruction, and role modeling) and athletes’ psychological variables (self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, self-regulation, and intrinsic motivation) of elite and sub-elite youth athletes. Participants were elite (n = 210) and sub-elite (n = 635) athletes aged between 14 and 18 years (Mage = 16.58, SD = 1.33). Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that young elite athletes’ perceptions of sport-related parenting practices are associated with their psychological skills and performance level in sport. Specifically, in comparison with their sub-elite peers, perceptions of parental encouragement had a significantly different strong effect on intrinsic motivation. Moreover, perceptions of parental modeling revealed different effects on performance level, as well as on intrinsic motivation, and self-regulation. These perceptions of parenting practices may promote a positive learning environment, resulting in an increased likelihood of achieving a high level of sport performance in comparison with their sub-elite peers

Optimal Location of Electronic Toll Gantries: The Case of a Portuguese Freeway

AbstractThis paper presents a decision supporting tool for the location of electronic toll gantries in freeways, regarding the maximization of the toll revenue. The adopted case study consists in one of the most important Portuguese freeways, with 180km of extension and a recently introduced electronic toll collection system. In the first stage of the modeling procedure, we applied a categorical binary model to set drivers’ route choice between the tolled freeway segments and the fastest non-tolled alternative paths, based on traffic data collected before and after the introduction of the toll fees. Then, we developed an optimization model to assign a limited or unlimited number of toll gantries to the freeway segments considering the generalized costs of the trips performed using the freeway and the alternative routes. The results showed that charging for all of the freeway segments may not be the best solution to increase road pricing revenue

Modelos peer-to-peer aplicados a sistemas de comunicação multimédia móveis

Mestrado em Sistemas de InformaçãoÉ sobejamente conhecido o impacto das TICs (Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação) no dia-a-dia das sociedades modernas e industrializadas. A adesão maciça à comunicação móvel de voz, que (ainda) está a decorrer e que teve o seu início no final dos anos 80, levou a uma nova área de pesquisa aplicada nas TICs: a comunicação móvel de dados. Desde então, surgiram variadíssimos conceitos, tecnologias e standards de comunicação, como por exemplo, GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data), Bluetooth, WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), Wireless LANs (Local Area Networks), e muitos outros. Além disso, surgem com grande frequência novos dispositivos como PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), telemóveis e smartphones, subnotebooks, etc.. Embora disponham de um grande potencial de utilidade, capaz de transformar a Sociedade de Informação uma segunda vez depois da sua penetração pela Internet, verifica-se, no entanto, ainda uma lacuna substancial a nível de aplicações para estas tecnologias e dispositivos especialmente quando consideramos a possibilidade de aceder e partilhar informação sem qualquer tipo de barreiras. É neste âmbito que o tema desta dissertação de mestrado se insere: avaliar as reais capacidades de partilha dos dispositivos móveis, nomeadamente, utilizando a arquitectura de rede peer-to-peer.It’s well known nowadays impact of the ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) on the modern and industrialized societies. The full adhesion to the voice mobile communications that is still occurring and that began at the end of the 80’s, led to a new research area applied to ICT: mobile data communication. Since then many concepts, technologies and standards have emerged such as GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data), Bluetooth, WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), Wireless LANs (Local Area Networks), and many others. Furthermore, appear regularly new devices like PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), mobile phones e smartphones, subnotebooks, etc. Despite their large potential of utility, enable of transform the Information Society a second time after its penetration through the Internet, we can observe a substantial gap concerning applications for those technologies and devices especially when we consider the possibility of access and share information with any type of barrier. This is the ambit of this dissertation: the evaluation of the real sharing capabilities of the mobile devices, mainly, using the peer-to-peer architecture

Mercado de produtos verdes : tendências de Portugal face à Europa

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Económicas e Empresariais, 19 de Outubro de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.O autor propõe-se neste documento a avaliar as tendências de Portugal, face ao restante da União Europeia (EU), no que diz respeito ao mercado dos produtos “verdes”. Esta avaliação foca-se no consumidor e será distribuída por seis vertentes, nomeadamente, comportamentos e atitudes, influências de considerações ambientais nos hábitos de consumo, pontos de vista acerca de ações para solucionar problemas ambientais, grau de confiança quanto a reivindicações sobre o desempenho ambiental de produtos, consumo sustentável de alimentos e conhecimentos sobre produtos “verdes”. Procura-se ainda aferir se o género ou a idade têm influência sobre estas tendências em Portugal e, quando possível, comparar estas com as da EU. Pretende-se também averiguar se os países europeus com mais afinidade cultural a Portugal (segundo Geert Hofstede) denotam comportamentos mais próximos dos portugueses que os restantes. [...].ABSTRACT: The author proposes in this document to assess trends in Portugal, opposed to the rest of the European Union (EU), with respect to green market products. This assessment focuses on the consumer and will be distributed over six sections: behaviors and attitudes, influences of environmental considerations in consumption habits, views on action to solve environmental problems, degree of confidence in the claims process on environmental performance of products, sustainable food consumption and knowledge about green products. Also attempts to assess whether gender or age influences on these trends. Additionally, he endeavors to ascertain whether European countries with cultural affinity to Portugal (according to the criteria of Geert Hofstede) denote nearest behaviors of the Portuguese than the rest of the EU. [...]