An Examination of Job Satisfaction of Bank Managers According to Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and General Motivational Factors (A Study of Dera Ghazi Khan Division)

Job satisfaction can be defined in many ways, including extrinsic, intrinsic, and general motivation. Such job satisfaction is basically directed to different intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are motivators of employee attitude. Our population included all the branch managers of various banks in Punjab, but we collect data from city banks manager of dg khan. We visit all branches and personally meet with branch manager to given the accurate data about our research through questionnaire. We did factor analysis, Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis by using statistical software. After doing all analysis we conclude that there is positive relationship between variables (Independent and dependent). Our research is helpful for branch managers and their top management, students and different researcher who are interesting in this field. Keywords: Job Satisfaction; Intrinsic; Extrinsic; Motivational Factors DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-19-02 Publication date:July 31st 202

Impact of Advertising on Consumer Purchase Intention: A Study of Southern Punjab

The aim of this research was to know the impact of advertising on consumer purchase intention; the research area was south region of Pakistan. This research was based on primary data that was calculated from the respondents of south region of Pakistan through questionnaire. The correlation and regression tests were applied through SSPSS software. A significant relation was found among all the variables and model was found appropriate. This research is helpful for the policy makers, managers and related business firms. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-19-01 Publication date:July 31st 202

Comparison of seropositivity of HCV between oral lichen planus and healthy control group in Hamedan province (west of Iran)

Background: Lichen planus is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the skin, nail, hair and mucous membranes. Oral lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the oral mucous membranes with a variety of clinical presentations. Various etiologies include HCV suggested for LP, and the aim of this study was comparison of seropositivity of HCV in LP patients and control group. Methods: All oral LP patients that were referred to dermatology clinic of farshchian hospitalwere entered in the study. Five cc of clot blood was taken from each patient and tested for anti-HCVand when anti-HCV tested positive another 2cc clot bloodwas taken for HCV-Rt-PCR test. The results were analyzed with SPSS 16. Results: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 oral lichen planus patients [males 13(43.3%) females 17(56.7%)] with mean ages of 46±13.7years and 60 healthy individual [males 26(43.3%) females 34(56.7%)]. There was no oral lichen planus patients who had anti-HCV positive whiles 2 males(3.3%) of healthy group had anti-HCV positive which was confirmed by HCV-Rt-PCR. Conclusions: This study showed that there is no correlation between seropositivity of HCV and oral lichen planus in our patients in the west of Iran

Therapeutic Potential of Seaweed Bioactive Compounds

Edible seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds such as soluble dietary fibers, proteins, peptides, minerals, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. Previously, seaweeds were only used as gelling and thickening agents in the food or pharmaceutical industries, recent researches have revealed their potential as complementary medicine. The red, brown and green seaweeds have been shown to have therapeutic properties for health and disease management, such as anticancer, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiestrogenic, thyroid stimulating, neuroprotective, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and tissue healing properties. In proposed chapter, we discussed various active compounds include sulphated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, carotenoids (e.g. fucoxanthin), minerals, peptides and sulfolipids, with proven benefits against degenerative metabolic diseases. Moreover, therapeutic modes of action of these bioactive components and their reports are summarized in this chapter

Media Sosial dan Digitalisasi Partisipasi Politik pada Generasi Muda: Perspektif Indonesia

Digitalization in the modern era has provided opportunities for the youths to participate in this information and social spheres. The concentrated use of social media has contributed to the astonishing factor among the voters where social media has changed the preferences of youths toward the right to vote. The research aims to investigate the contributions and preferences of youths toward political participation in the contemporary discussion in Indonesia. This research was quantitative research using a purposive random sampling technique to give equal opportunity to each respondent. The mode of data collection was an online survey. The majority of the respondents in this research were the student of the universities. Data were collected in April 2019 to examine the interest of youths in general elections in Indonesia. This research found that social media and Social Networking Sites (SNSs) have provided a unique platform to discuss political matters and ‘take apart’ in political discussions. Existing in-depth researches on this phenomenon show that political awareness among youths in Indonesia is an essential part and social media is the leading indicator. This research suggested some recommendations for to usage of social media for the socialization of youths.Digitalisasi di era modern telah memberikan peluang bagi generasi muda untuk berpartisipasi dalam bidang informasi dan sosial ini. Penggunaan media sosial yang terkonsentrasi telah berkontribusi pada faktor menakjubkan di antara para pemilih di mana media sosial telah mengubah preferensi kaum muda terhadap hak untuk memilih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kontribusi dan preferensi generasi muda terhadap partisipasi politik dalam diskusi kontemporer di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling untuk memberikan peluang yang sama bagi setiap responden. Mode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan survei online. Mayoritas responden dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa universitas. Data dikumpulkan pada April 2019 untuk menyelidiki minat generasi muda dalam pemilihan umum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa media sosial dan situs jejaring sosial (Social Networking Sites atau SNS) telah menyediakan platform yang unik untuk mendiskusikan masalah politik dan 'mengambil terpisah' dalam diskusi politik. Penelitian ini menyarankan beberapa rekomendasi untuk penggunaan media sosial untuk sosialisasi generasi muda

Exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals alone and in combination induces histopathological and genotoxic effects in fish (Labeo rohita)

Background: The terrestrial and agro-aquatic ecosystems are continuously at the pity of human's negative impacts. Extensive and indiscriminate application of agrochemicals like heavy metals, industrial wastes, germicides, drug residues and different feed additives has become serious threats to public health. The current experimental trial was executed to investigate genotoxic potential of different heavy metals in fresh water fish (Labeo rohita).Methods: A total of 120 active, healthy, free from  disease and internal parasites fish having three months of age were procured from local fish breeding center and were kept in glass aquarium having 100 liter water. After two weeks of acclimatization, fish were arbitrarily distributed and placed in different eight groups (A-H). Prior to start of experiment, acute toxicity of various heavy metals alone such as lead, cadmium, chromium and in combination (Pb +Cr), (Cr+Cd), (Cd+Pb) and (Pb+Cr+Cd) mixture were determined in-term of 96-h LC50 and lethal doses for Labeo rohita. After assessment of acute toxicity, all the fish were exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations (5, 7 and 9%) of heavy metals alone and in combinations for a period of 30 days in triplicate experiments.Results: Different clinical ailments like, increased surface breathing, loss of coordination, rapid opercular movement, erratic swimming, air gulping, jerking movement and tremors were noted in fish. Histopathological observations of gills of various fish exhibited severe microscopic alterations. Results on micronucleus assay exhibited increased frequency of formation of micronuclei in red blood cells, while comet assays showed significantly increased DNA damage in peripheral erythrocytes in-term of arbitrary units of comets, average percentile rate of damaged cell and genomic damage index.Conclusion: From the results of our experimental study, it can be concluded that fresh water fish are useful and reliable bio-indicators of heavy metal toxicity. Micronucleus and comet assays showed that heavy metals alone and in combination induced DNA damage in fish.Keywords: Labeo rohita; Heavy metals; Histopathology; Erythrocytes; DNA damag

A Strategy for the Promotion of Computer Programming Using Urdu Language in Pakistan

Software industry has proven to be a stepping stone towards changing the rank of a country in the comity of nations. In South Asian region, India has immensely excelled her economic growth by increasing its revenues with the help of software export. The development of software involves man power with technical support, where the premier focus in on computer programming. Therefore, producing a large number of skillful computer programmers in Pakistan would certainly help the cause of establishing software houses, which in turn, will attract the western world to outsource their software projects to Pakistan. Like India, this can certainly act like a game changer for Pakistan’s economy by earning a huge revenue. In this research we have presented a methodology to increase the interest of Pakistani people in computer programming by providing a bilingual computer program development environment in Urdu and English languages. This act may certainly open new dimensions of teaching computer programming, for instance, by introducing computer programming at school level. Furthermore, it may increase the interest of students and teachers to learn and teach computer programming while experiencing to program in their national language. Lastly, in technical terms, we have presented the visual design of such bilingual environment along with architectural modification in the preprocessor for C++ language to support both Urdu and English languages for writing computer program

Environmentally responsible behavior and Knowledge-Belief-Norm in the tourism context: The moderating role of types of destinations

n the past decade, Indonesia's Special Region of Yogyakarta has attracted steadily more visitors annually. However, this growth also degrades the quality of the tourism environment and nature's health due to irresponsible behaviors. The region's tourist attractions, including nature-based, cultural heritage sites, and city/urban destinations, are some of the most popular destinations in the country. This work compares the behavior of tourists toward the environment in nature-based, cultural heritage, and urban tourism destinations. This conceptual framework draws from the Knowledge-Belief-Norm to understand domestic tourists' norm-driven, environmentally responsible behavior. A random survey of 346 domestic tourists in Indonesia (nature-based = 118, cultural heritage = 107, and urban = 121) demonstrated that the model explains 30% of the environmentally responsible behavior intention variance. The structural equation model shows the linear relationship between environmental knowledge, new environmental paradigm, awareness of the consequences of their actions, personal responsibility, normative behavior, and environmentally responsible behavior. Biospheric value also was found to contribute to the model. However, differences among groups were validated in the relationship of this study model. The study provides original insight into the development and implication of Knowledge-Belief-Norms in the context of domestic tourism. It established the moderating role of types of destination. It provides a practical insight into reducing the environmental impact of tourists' activities for tourism managers and policymakers when designing effective strategies and campaigns. It also gives direction for future research on the relevant topic

Selenium and Salt Interactions in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.): Ion Uptake, Antioxidant Defense System, and Photochemistry Efficiency

Salinity is a major abiotic stress which limits crop production, especially under rainfed conditions. Selenium (Se), as an important micronutrient, plays a vital role in mitigating detrimental effects of different abiotic stresses. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of Se fertilization on black gram (Vigna mungo) under salt stress. Our results showed that salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in leaves significantly induced oxidative damage and caused a decline in relative water content, chlorophyll (Chl), stomatal conductance (gs), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), sucrose, and reducing sugars. A low dose of Se (1.5 ppm) significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide content, malondialdehyde formation, cell membrane damage, and also improved antioxidative enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase under salt stress. Se-treated plants exhibited higher Chl, gs, Fv/Fm, sucrose, and reducing sugars than untreated plants in response to salt stress. In addition, Se application enhanced Se uptake and reduced Na+ uptake, but Cl remained unaffected. Our results indicated that a low dose of Se effectively alleviated salt damage via inhibition of Na+ uptake and enhanced antioxidant defense resulting in a significant decrease in oxidative damage, and maintained gaseous exchange and PS II function for sucrose and reducing sugars accumulation in black gram