SPS-prepared targets for sputtering deposition of phase change films.

Phase-change materials like thin films from the systems [Ge1-xPbx]Te and Ge[Te1-xSex] are of interest for data storage. For these compositions amorphous materials can not be obtained by melt quenching. However, Suitable films can be obtained using RF sputtering. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to densify the powders to obtain large targets. Synthesis conditions and characterisations of the targets are reported. Amorphous nano films were obtained using the sintered targets and characterised

M-lines characterization of selenide and telluride waveguides for mid-infrared interferometry

Nulling interferometry is an astronomical technique that combines equal wavefronts to achieve a deep rejection ratio of an on-axis star, and that could permit to detect Earth-like planets in the mid-infrared band 5 -- 20 microns. Similarly to what is done in the near-infrared, high frequencies spatial filtering of the incoming beams can be achieved using single-mode waveguides operating in the mid-infrared. An appreciable reduction of the instrumental complexity is also possible using integrated optics (IO) devices in this spectral range. The relative lack of single-mode guided optics in the mid-infrared has motivated the present technological study to demonstrate the feasibility of dielectric waveguides functioning at longer wavelengths. We propose to use selenide and telluride components to pursue the development of more complex IO functions.Comment: accepted in OSA Optics Express, 11 pages, 4 figure

Structure of glassy Ag–Ge–Se by neutron diffraction with isotope substitution

Abstract The structure of glassy Ag0.077Ge0.212Se0.711, which lies at y = 0.077 on the Ag y (Ge0.23Se0.77)1−y tie-line, was investigated by using the method of neutron diffraction with silver isotope substitution. Two glass transition temperatures were found from a characterisation of the material using modulated differential scanning calorimetry, which indicates a mixed phase material. The diffraction method provides site-specific information on the Ag coordination environment, and gives an average of 3.5(1) Ag–Se nearest-neighbours with a bond distance of 2.65(1) Å together with 0.9(1) Ag–Ag next nearest-neighbours at a distance of 2.9(2) Å. The incorporation of silver does not appear to have a marked effect on the coordination number of Se to other matrix (Ge or Se) atoms, which supports the notion that Ag forms dative bonds with Se lone-pair electrons. A model is given for predicting the change in the Se to matrix atom coordination number when a monovalent metal such as Ag is added to a Se rich Ge–Se base glass.</jats:p

Prévalence des germes impliqués dans les infections vaginales chez les femmes camerounaises et facteurs de risque

Les infections du tractus génital femelle représentent un problème de santé publique. Au Cameroun, les données concernant leur épidémiologie sont de plus en plus disponibles mais néanmoins restent obsolètes particulièrement dans la ville de Douala. Une étude transversale a été conduite dans trois hôpitaux de la ville de Douala dans le but de déterminer la prévalence des infections génitales et les facteurs de risque associés. Ainsi, 300 femmes ont été incluses dans l’étude. Une fiche d’enquête a été utilisée pour collecter les informations des participantes. Des prélèvements vaginaux ont été collectés, caractérisés et mis en culture. Les anticorps anti- VIH ont été recherchés dans le sérum des patientes. La prévalence des infections génitales et de l’infection à VIH était 28% et 25,7% respectivement. Les germes rencontrés étaient les bactéries Gram+ (17,7%), Candida spp. (11,0%), coccobacilles (0,7%) et les bactéries Gram- (0,7%). L’infection à VIH, le statut matrimonial, la contraception orale et l’utilisation de produit lors de la toilette vaginale étaient des facteurs de risque. Le risque élevé de vaginoses trouvé dans cette étude souligne le besoin de l’implémentation de programmes communautaires de détection précoce des infections génitales et d’information-éducation communication.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Femme, infection du tractus génital, prévalence, facteurs de risque, DoualaEnglish Title: Prevalence of germs associated with vaginal infections in Cameroonian women and risk factorsEnglish AbstractFemale genital tract infections constitute a public health concern. In Cameroon, epidemiological data about are increasingly available. However, there is still a paucity of data in the town of Douala. A hospital  based cross-sectional study was carried out in the town of Douala with the aim to determine the prevalence of vaginal infections and identify the risk factors. In total, 300 women were included in the study. Baseline data were documented via investigation form. Vaginal swabs were collected, processed and used for isolation of germs. Screening of HIV infection was also performed. The prevalence of vaginal infection and HIV infection was 28% and 25.7% respectively. Gram (+) bacteria (17.7%), Candida spp. (11.0%), coccobacilli (0.7%) and Gram (-) bacteria (0.7%) were founded associated with vaginal infection cases. Four risk factors were underscored in this study: HIV infection, marital status, oral contraceptive and the absence of utilization of sanitary product for vaginal douching. This study revealed high risk of vaginal infection in Cameroonian women living in Douala. This outlines the need for the implementation of community-based intervention based on early detection of genital infection and their sensitization.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Women, Genital tract infection, prevalence, risk factors, Doual

LCCL protein complex formation in Plasmodium is critically dependent on LAP1.

Successful sporogony of Plasmodium berghei in vector mosquitoes requires expression of a family of six modular proteins named LCCL lectin domain adhesive-like proteins (LAPs). The LAPs share a subcellular localization in the crystalloid, a unique parasite organelle that forms during ookinete development. Here, LAP interactions in P. berghei were studied using a series of parasite lines stably expressing reporter-tagged LAPs combined with affinity purification and high accuracy label free quantitative mass spectrometry. Our results show that abundant complexes containing LAP1, LAP2 and LAP3 are formed in gametocytes through high avidity interactions. Following fertilization, LAP4, LAP5 and LAP6 are recruited to this complex, a process that is facilitated by LAP1 chiefly through its scavenger receptor cysteine-rich modules. These collective findings provide new insight into the temporal and molecular dynamics of protein complex formation that lead up to, and are required for, crystalloid biogenesis and downstream sporozoite transmission of malaria parasites

Mener un projet international

Internet, construction européenne, mondialisation… : notre horizon ne s'arrête plus à nos frontières. Du jumelage à la coopération décentralisée, les municipalités demandent à leurs services de participer à des projets à dimension internationale. Processus de Bologne, formation tout au long de la vie, internationalisation des études, les universités font elles aussi appel à leurs services pour les accompagner dans ces évolutions. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit ce volume, avec l'ambition de fournir à tous les professionnels des bibliothèques des clés de compréhension de ces nouveaux enjeux ainsi que des exemples concrets d'actions de coopération soutenus par des apports méthodologiques. Comment travailler et partager avec des partenaires étrangers ? Quelles sont les étapes fondamentales d'une coopération : de la convention à l'évaluation ? Qui sont nos relais en France et à l'étranger pour de tels projets ? C'est à travers ces questions que s'organise l'ouvrage, en proposant des éléments de préparation pratiques pour mener ces actions internationales et les pérenniser. Coordonné par Raphaëlle Bats, conservateur chargée des relations internationales à l'enssib, et écrit par différents acteurs du terrain, l'ouvrage traite également de la mobilité des professionnels et des voyages d'étude, du bibliothécaire-formateur ou expert, d'action culturelle et de politique documentaire (du don des documents à l'avenir du patrimoine en Europe en passant par la lecture pour les enfants)

Nucleation, crystallisation and phase separation in chalcogenide glasses

International audienc

Nucléation, cristallisation et separation de phase dans les verres de chalcogénures

National audienc