Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Analgesia Nociception Index-Guided Remifentanil versus Standard Care during Propofol Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International audienceThe clinical benefits to be expected from intraoperative nociception monitors are currently under investigation. Among these devices, the Analgesia Nociception-Index (ANI) has shown promising results under sevoflurane anesthesia. Our study investigated ANI-guided remifentanil administration under propofol anesthesia. We hypothesized that ANI guidance would result in reduced remifentanil consumption compared with standard management. This prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded, bi-centric study included women undergoing elective gynecologic surgery under target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. Patients were randomly assigned to an ANI or Standard group. In the ANI group, remifentanil target concentration was adjusted by 0.5 ng mL−1 steps every 5 min according to the ANI value. In the Standard group, remifentanil was managed according to standard practice. Our primary objective was to compare remifentanil consumption between the groups. Our secondary objectives were to compare the quality of anesthesia, postoperative analgesia and the incidence of chronic pain. Eighty patients were included. Remifentanil consumption was lower in the ANI group: 4.4 (3.3; 5.7) vs. 5.8 (4.9; 7.1) µg kg−1 h−1 (difference = −1.4 (95% CI, −2.6 to −0.2), p = 0.0026). Propofol consumption was not different between the groups. Postoperative pain scores were low in both groups. There was no difference in morphine consumption 24 h after surgery. The proportion of patients reporting pain 3 months after surgery was 18.8% in the ANI group and 30.8% in the Standard group (difference = −12.0 (95% CI, −32.2 to 9.2)). ANI guidance resulted in lower remifentanil consumption compared with standard practice under propofol anesthesia. There was no difference in short- or long-term postoperative analgesia

Association Between Endometriosis Phenotype and Preterm Birth in France.

International audienceImportance Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease with a heterogeneous presentation that affects women of childbearing age. Given the limitations of previous retrospective studies, it is still unclear whether endometriosis has adverse implications for pregnancy outcomes.Objective To evaluate the association between the presence of endometriosis and preterm birth and whether the risk varied according to the disease phenotype.Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study with exposed and unexposed groups was conducted in 7 maternity units in France from February 4, 2016, to June 28, 2018. Participants included women with singleton pregnancies who were followed up before 22 weeks’ gestation along with their newborns delivered at or after 22 weeks’ gestation. The final follow-up occurred in July 2019. Data were analyzed from October 7, 2020, to February 7, 2021.Exposures Women in the endometriosis group had a documented history of endometriosis and were classified according to 3 endometriosis phenotypes: isolated superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SUP), ovarian endometrioma (OMA; potentially associated with SUP), and deep endometriosis (DE; potentially associated with SUP and OMA). Women in the control group did not have a history of clinical symptoms of endometriosis before their current pregnancy.Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was preterm birth between 22 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. Association between endometriosis and the primary outcome was assessed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and was adjusted for the following risk factors associated with preterm birth: maternal age, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) before pregnancy, country of birth, parity, previous cesarean delivery, history of myomectomy and hysteroscopy, and preterm birth. The same analysis was performed according to the 3 endometriosis phenotypes (SUP, OMA, and DE).Results Of the 1351 study participants (mean [SD] age, 32.9 [5.0] years) who had a singleton delivery after 22 weeks of gestation, 470 were assigned to the endometriosis group (48 had SUP [10.2%], 83 had OMA [17.7%], and 339 had DE [72.1%]) and 881 were assigned to the control group. No difference was observed in the rate of preterm deliveries before 37 weeks 0 days of gestation between the endometriosis and control groups (34 of 470 [7.2%] vs 53 of 881 [6.0%]; P = .38). After adjusting for confounding factors, endometriosis was not associated with preterm birth before 37 weeks’ gestation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.64-1.77). The results were comparable for the different disease phenotypes (SUP: 6.2% [3 of 48]; OMA: 7.2% [6 of 83]; and DE: 7.4% [25 of 339]; P = .84).Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found no association between endometriosis and preterm birth, and the disease phenotype did not appear to alter the result. Monitoring the pregnancy beyond the normal protocols or changing management strategies for women with endometriosis may not be warranted to prevent preterm birth