216 research outputs found

    UseDa - un nouvel outil de base de données sur les utilisations ethnobotaniques des plantes de l'Afrique de l'Ouest

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    Das Wissen über die Nutzung von Wildpflanzen in Westafrika und ihre verschiedenen Anwendungen ist in zahlreichen, breit gestreuten Publikationen dokumentiert und oft in Form von grauer Literatur schwer zugänglich. Mehrere Online-Datenbanken umfassen Informationen aus diesen Quellen und bieten zusammenfassende Kurzbeschreibungen der Pflanzen Nutzungen. Unser Ziel ist es, zusätzlich eine Datenbank (UseDa) für ethnobotanische Primärdaten aus Interviews aufzubauen. Damit können quantitative Daten extrahiert und synthetisiert werden. Es können Datensätze nach verschiedenen Fragestellungen analysiert werden, z.B. der Frage nach verwendeten Arten in bestimmten Gebieten, durch verschiedene ethnische Gruppen oder unterschiedliche Nutzergruppen, was für die praktische Anwendung auf lokaler Ebene von Bedeutung ist. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über den technischen Aufbau und den Inhalt der Datenbank und diskutieren am Ende den möglichen Output für die praktische Anwendung. Die Datenbank wurde im Rahmen des EU-geförderten Projekt UNDESERT aufgebaut.Knowledge about useful plants and their various applications in West Africa is scattered over many publications and often in form of grey literature difficult to access. Several online-databases compile large scale information from these sources and provide comprehensive summarized descriptions of plant usages. Our aim is to additionally build up a database (UseDa) for primary ethnobotanical interview data. Thus, quantitative data can be extracted and synthesized and data sets can be treated according to different research questions analyzing for example uses in specific areas, of different ethnic groups or user groups, which is essential for practical applications on a local level. In this article we give an overview on the technical structure and the content of the database and discuss at the end the possible output for practical application. The database was set up in the frame of the EU-funded Project UNDESERT.La connaissance sur les plantes utiles et leurs diverses applications en Afrique de l'Ouest sont dispersées sur de nombreuses publications et souvent difficiles d'accès car souvent publiées sous la forme de littérature grise. Plusieurs bases de données en ligne compilent à grande échelle des informations provenant de ces sources et fournissent des descriptions synthétiques des usages des plantes. Notre objectif est de construire une base de données (UseDa) pour les données primaires des enquêtes ethnobotaniques. Ainsi, les données quantitatives peuvent être extraite et synthétisée et elles peuvent être traitées selon différentes questions de recherche analysant par exemple leurs utilisations dans des zones spécifiques, par différents groupes ethniques ou groupes d'utilisateurs, ce qui est essentiel pour les applications pratiques au niveau local. Dans cet article, nous donnons un aperçu sur la structure technique et le contenu de la base de données et discutons à la fin les options possibles pour une application pratique. La base de données a été mise en place dans le cadre du projet UNDESERT financé par l'UE

    Le West African Data and Metadata Repository : une archive de données à long terme pour les ensembles de données écologiques de l'Afrique de l'Ouest

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    Obwohl zunehmend Daten für ökologische Studien gebraucht werden, gehen noch immer viele Daten verloren oder sind mangels geeigneter Datenarchive nicht sichtbar genug. Mit dem West African Data and Metadata Repository stellen wir ein Langzeitdatenarchiv für eine datenarme Region vor, das eine detaillierte Dokumentation mit Metadaten nach dem EML-Standard erlaubt und Datenhaltern die Möglichkeit gibt, Datenzugangsebenen und Nutzungsbedingungen zu bestimmen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick zu Struktur, Funktionen und Inhalt. Das Repositorium ist online unter der URL http://westafricandata.senckenberg.de.Although there is an increasing need for data in ecological studies, many datasets are still lost or not sufficiently visible due to a lack of appropriate data archives. With the West African Data and Metadata Repository, we present a secure long-term archive for a data-poor region allowing detailed documentation by metadata following the EML standard and giving data holders the opportunity to define levels of data access and conditions of use. This article gives an overview of structure, functions and content. The repository is online at the URL http://westafricandata.senckenberg.de.Bien qu'il existe un besoin croissant de données dans les études écologiques, de nombreux ensembles de données sont encore perdues ou pas suffisamment visibles en raison d'un manque d'archives de données appropriées. Avec le West African Data and Metadata Repository, nous présentons une archive sécurisé à long terme pour une région pauvre en données permettant une documentation détaillée par des métadonnées suivant la norme EML et donnant aux propriétaires de données la possibilité de définir des niveaux de l'accès aux données et les conditions d'utilisation. Cet article donne un aperçu de la structure, des fonctions et du contenu. Le référentiel est en ligne à l'adresse URL http://westafricandata.senckenberg.de

    Substitutions of red meat, poultry and fish and risk of myocardial infarction

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    AbstractRed meat has been suggested to be adversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but previous studies have rarely taken replacement foods into consideration. We aimed to investigate optimal substitutions between and within the food groups of red meat, poultry and fish for MI prevention. We followed up 55 171 women and men aged 50–64 years with no known history of MI at recruitment. Diet was assessed by a validated 192-item FFQ at baseline. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for specified food substitutions of 150 g/week. During a median follow-up time of 13·6 years, we identified 656 female and 1694 male cases. Among women, the HR for replacing red meat with fatty fish was 0·76 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·89), whereas the HR for replacing red meat with lean fish was 1·00 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·14). Similarly, replacing poultry with fatty but not lean fish was inversely associated with MI: the HR was 0·81 (95 % CI 0·67, 0·98) for fatty fish and was 1·08 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·27) for lean fish. The HR for replacing lean with fatty fish was 0·75 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·94). Replacing processed with unprocessed red meat was not associated with MI. Among men, a similar pattern was found, although the associations were not statistically significant. This study suggests that replacing red meat, poultry or lean fish with fatty fish is associated with a lower risk of MI.</jats:p

    Substitution of meat and fish with vegetables or potatoes and risk of myocardial infarction

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    AbstractRed meat has been suggested to be adversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI), whereas vegetable consumption has been found to be protective. The aim of this study was to investigate substitutions of red meat, poultry and fish with vegetables or potatoes for MI prevention. We followed up 29 142 women and 26 029 men in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study aged 50–64 years with no known history of MI at baseline. Diet was assessed by a validated 192-item FFQ at baseline. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for MI associated with specified food substitutions of 150 g/week. During a median follow-up of 13·6 years, we identified 656 female and 1694 male cases. Among women, the HR for MI when replacing red meat with vegetables was 0·94 (95 % CI 0·90, 0·98). Replacing fatty fish with vegetables was associated with a higher risk of MI (HR 1·23; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·45), whereas an inverse, statistically non-significant association was found for lean fish (HR 0·93; 95 % CI 0·83, 1·05). Substituting poultry with vegetables was not associated with risk of MI (HR 1·00; 95 % CI 0·90, 1·11). Findings for substitution with potatoes were similar to findings for vegetables. Among men, a similar pattern was observed, but the associations were weak and mostly statistically non-significant. This study suggests that replacing red meat with vegetables or potatoes is associated with a lower risk of MI, whereas replacing fatty fish with vegetables or potatoes is associated with a higher risk of MI.</jats:p

    Xanthelasmata, arcus corneae, and ischaemic vascular disease and death in general population: prospective cohort study

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    Objective To test the hypothesis that xanthelasmata and arcus corneae, individually and combined, predict risk of ischaemic vascular disease and death in the general population
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