Editorial

It is my great pleasure and honour to welcome readers to the first issue of the Anti-Trafficking Review. For those of us who have been working on the problem of human trafficking for many years, the emergence of a specialist journal is an important sign of progress – a welcome confirmation that our area of work and study has well and truly moved from the margins to the mainstream of international attention and concern

What's Wrong with the Global Slavery Index?

The Global Slavery Index (GSI), which has been produced by the Walk Free Foundation in 2013, 2014 and 2016, seeks to calculate the number of victims of human trafficking (or ‘modern slavery’) in each country and to assess and rank government responses. Using the latest iteration of the Index, this article examines each of the three elements (vulnerability measurement; prevalence measurement and response measurement), making some preliminary findings about the quality of the methodology and its application under each heading. It concludes with a consideration of two broader issues: (i) the conspicuous lack of critical engagement with the Index; and (ii) what the Index reveals about the changing face of anti-trafficking/anti-slavery work—most particularly, the growing involvement of metrics-focused strategic philanthropy in defining the ‘problem’ and directing responses

Two Cheers for the Trafficking Protocol

The Trafficking Protocol makes an easy target for attack. Its origins lie in an attempt to control a particularly exploitative form of migration that was challenging the ability of States to control their own borders. Its parent instrument is a framework agreement to address transnational organised crime. While paying fleeting attention to the rights of victims, the Protocol, with its emphasis on criminalisation and border protection is nowhere near being a human rights treaty. On top of all that it does not even have a credible enforcement mechanism, allowing states parties wide latitude in interpreting and applying their obligations. Strangely, these seemingly insurmountable flaws have not stopped the Protocol’s emergence as perhaps the single most important development in the fight against human trafficking. Without the Protocol, arguments around definitions would have continued to block the evolution of principles and rules. Without the Protocol it is likely that the human rights system would have continued its shameful tradition of sidelining issues such as forced labour, forced sex, forced marriage and the ritual exploitation of migrant workers through debt. Most critically, the Protocol provided the impetus and template for a series of legal and political developments that, over time, have served to ameliorate some of its greatest weaknesses, including the lack of human rights protections and of a credible oversight mechanism

A summary of research of illustrations related to reading

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Isolation of Pharmaceutical-Degrading Bacteria from Lake Sediments Associated with Wastewater Effluents

Many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not properly equipped for the removal of various compounds, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, and hormones. These compounds are continually discharged into surface waters, which has become an emerging issue for environmental and public health. Microorganisms in the natural environment may play a crucial role in ecosystem self-purification processes such as contaminant degradation. The aim of this research was to determine if there were microorganisms from water and sediment samples located near wastewater effluent outfalls in Central and Western New York capable of degrading ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, and 17β-estradiol, and if the degradation capability of microorganisms varied by sampling site. An isolation approach was developed using serial enrichment in mineral medium containing each individual pharmaceutical as the sole carbon source available to heterotrophs. After four weeks of enrichment, bacteria were isolated and the growth of each isolate on its selected pharmaceutical source was measured. The biodegradation of pharmaceuticals was then examined with the isolates that showed the most consistent growth. Results from the various enrichment experiments have led to the isolation of several heterotrophic bacteria capable of utilizing the compounds as their sole carbon sources. An isolate cultured from Payne Beach had the ability to remove up to 40.1% ± 3.9% of acetaminophen, 23.2% ± 5.7% of ibuprofen, and 18.6% ± 5.3% of 17β-estradiol and an isolate cultured from Charlotte Beach had the ability to remove up to 23.4% ± 3.5% of ibuprofen, 32.2% ± 2.5% of naproxen, and 29.1% ± 1.9% of 17β-estradiol. The data suggests that there are endogenous heterotrophs located near wastewater outfalls that can degrade various pharmaceuticals, and that the degradation capability of microorganisms on certain compounds may be site specific

Editorial: The Problems and Prospects of Trafficking Prosecutions: Ending impunity and securing justice

Having been guest editor of the very first issue of the Anti-Trafficking Review, it was with great pleasure that I accepted the invitation of the editorial board to oversee the production of its sixth issue. Back in 2012 I identified the emergence of the Anti-Trafficking Review, thefirst specialist journal on human trafficking, as a watershed moment, signalling the transformation of‘trafficking’ from a niche (perhaps even a fringe) academic sub-discipline into a legitimate, substantial and discrete area of study. The past four years since its launch have vindicated that assessment. New specialist journals on trafficking and its variants have been launched, and the range and depth of research being undertaken in this field has significantly expanded. While law, sociology and human rights continue to be the dominant lenses through which trafficking is studied, analysed and explained, there is no denying the expanding and enriching influence of other disciplines: from geography to anthropology; from health sciences to migration studies. These changes in research and writing around trafficking have brought tangible benefits: helping improve our understanding of what is happening and why, as well as strengthening the evidence base on which credible, effective responses can be built

\u27\u27It’s a Win-Win Situation” – Intergenerational Learning in Preschool and Elder Care Settings: An Irish Perspective

This paper explores the level and sustainability of intergenerational practice in early years and elder care settings in Ireland. The paper is based on a small-scale research study involving interviews with sta in ve organizations and builds on ndings from previous research conducted for the TOY project (http://www.toyproject.net). The paper examines the pedagogies involved as well as the community context of intergenerational practice in early years and elder care settings. The ndings highlight that sustainable intergenerational practice is facilitated by strong pedagogies that support active and relational learning across the life course and by being embedded in robust community networks

Even Her Nudes Were Lovely: Toward Connected Self-Reliance At The Irish Museum Of Modern Art - A Research Report On The Museum's Programme For Older Adults

An EU SOCRATES funded project on Museums, Keyworkers and Lifelong Learning. In association with the Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin; Victoria and Albert Museum, London; Swedish Museum of Architecture, Stockholm; Forum d'Art Contemporain, Luxembourg; Buro fur Kulturvermittlung, Vienna; Museo Muncipal de Vila Franca de Xiva, Portugal and the School of Educational Studies, University of Surrey, England