The impact of compaction, moisture content, particle size and type of bulking agent on initial physical properties of sludge-bulking agent mixtures before composting

This study aimed to experimentally acquire evolution profiles between depth, bulk density, Free Air Space (FAS), air permeability and thermal conductivity in initial composting materials. The impact of two different moisture content, two particle size and two types of bulking agent on these four parameters was also evaluated. Bulk density and thermal conductivity both increased with depth while FAS and air permeability both decreased with it. Moreover, depth and moisture content had a significant impact on almost all the four physical parameters contrary to particle size and the type of bulking agent

Energy-driven Consolidation in Digital Home

International audienceAs our society becomes more and more digital, the corresponding demand for electric energy is increasing. Despite the power efficient design of devices, this rising trend of energy consumption does not weaken because of more and more devices used in our daily life. Collaboration strategies between devices can reduce their overall electrical consumption. Consolidation - i.e., migrating tasks among devices to place into low power state or to switch off a maximum of unused devices - is a mean of optimizing the consumption of a group of devices. So far, consolidation is mainly used in datacenters. Here, we propose a model to extend this approach to Digital Home. This model takes into account properties, such as the unforeseeable appearance of devices or restrictions due to task nature. Its implementation in a Digital Home environment saves around 25% of the energy consumption in a scenario based on the daily life of a family of four persons

A multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against 15 Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles gambiae saliva antigens

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Assessment exposure and immunity to malaria is an important step in the fight against the disease. Increased malaria infection in non-immune travellers under anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis, as well as the implementation of malaria elimination programmes in endemic countries, raises new issues that pertain to these processes. Notably, monitoring malaria immunity has become more difficult in individuals showing low antibody (Ab) responses or taking medications against the <it>Plasmodium </it><it>falciparum </it>blood stages. Commonly available techniques in malaria seroepidemiology have limited sensitivity, both against pre-erythrocytic, as against blood stages of the parasite. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a sensitive tool to assess the exposure to malaria or to bites from the vector <it>Anopheles gambiae</it>, despite anti-malarial prophylactic treatment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ab responses to 13 pre-erythrocytic <it>P. falciparum</it>-specific peptides derived from the proteins Lsa1, Lsa3, Glurp, Salsa, Trap, Starp, CSP and Pf11.1, and to 2 peptides specific for the <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>saliva protein gSG6 were tested. In this study, 253 individuals from three Senegalese areas with different transmission intensities and 124 European travellers exposed to malaria during a short period of time were included.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The multiplex assay was optimized for most but not all of the antigens. It was rapid, reproducible and required a small volume of serum. Proportions of Ab-positive individuals, Ab levels and the mean number of antigens (Ags) recognized by each individual increased significantly with increases in the level of malaria exposure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The multiplex assay developed here provides a useful tool to evaluate immune responses to multiple Ags in large populations, even when only small amounts of serum are available, or Ab titres are low, as in case of travellers. Finally, the relationship of Ab responses with malaria endemicity levels provides a way to monitor exposure in differentially exposed autochthonous individuals from various endemicity areas, as well as in travellers who are not immune, thus indirectly assessing the parasite transmission and malaria risk in the new eradication era.</p

A Role for Immune Responses against Non-CS Components in the Cross-Species Protection Induced by Immunization with Irradiated Malaria Sporozoites

Immunization with irradiated Plasmodium sporozoites induces sterile immunity in rodents, monkeys and humans. The major surface component of the sporozoite the circumsporozoite protein (CS) long considered as the antigen predominantly responsible for this immunity, thus remains the leading candidate antigen for vaccines targeting the parasite's pre-erythrocytic (PE) stages. However, this role for CS was questioned when we recently showed that immunization with irradiated sporozoites (IrrSpz) of a P. berghei line whose endogenous CS was replaced by that of P. falciparum still conferred sterile protection against challenge with wild type P. berghei sporozoites. In order to investigate the involvement of CS in the cross-species protection recently observed between the two rodent parasites P. berghei and P. yoelii, we adopted our gene replacement approach for the P. yoelii CS and exploited the ability to conduct reciprocal challenges. Overall, we found that immunization led to sterile immunity irrespective of the origin of the CS in the immunizing or challenge sporozoites. However, for some combinations, immune responses to CS contributed to the acquisition of protective immunity and were dependent on the immunizing IrrSpz dose. Nonetheless, when data from all the cross-species immunization/challenges were considered, the immune responses directed against non-CS parasite antigens shared by the two parasite species played a major role in the sterile protection induced by immunization with IrrSpz. This opens the perspective to develop a single vaccine formulation that could protect against multiple parasite species

Diversité antigénique dex stades pré-érythrocytaires (caractérisation de 7 nouveaux antigènes exprimés sur le sporozoïte et dans le stade hépatique de Plasmodium falciparum)

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Hydrodynamique et transferts de masse au sein d’un massif de déchets

Hydrodynamique et transferts de masse au sein d’un massif de déchets

La réduction de la consommation d'énergie dans les environnements domestiques répartis

National audienceLe green computing (" informatique verte ") s'installe de plus en plus dans l'environnement domestique aux travers d'équipements toujours moins gourmands en énergie. Alors que la maison est constituée d'un ensemble de dispositifs électroniques sans cesse croissant, la gestion de l'énergie reste propre à chacun. Nous pensons qu'une approche globale permettrait de parvenir à une meilleure diminution de l'énergie. Ce papier propose un état de l'art des techniques permettant de réduire, à l'échelle du réseau domestique, la consommation d'électricité. Ces techniques sont regroupées sous diverses approches per- mettant une gestion globale de la consommation. Nous proposons trois grandes approches, à savoir la mise en veille, l'optimisation du fonctionnement des équipements et l'optimisation de la répartition des services. Enfin nous discutons de l'applicabilité de ces techniques dans le contexte d'un environnement domestique hétérogène

Production et transferts de chaleur

Production et transferts de chaleur

Author manuscript, published in &quot;16th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (2013)&quot; Components Mobility for Energy Efficiency of Digital Home

The number of connected devices in the home is growing dramatically, increasing the part of the Digital Home in the electric power demand. Reducing the overall energy consumption of the Digital Home becomes a concern in everyday life. Moving applications to the smaller set of devices enables to increase the number of devices that can be put into low power state, and thus reduce energy consumption. However, the application deployment constraints and the Digital Home heterogeneity limit the choice in deployment solutions onto available devices. We propose to consider distributed component-based applications to overcome this limitation. The distribution of applications constraints over its components improves their mobility, i.e., increasing the number of devices on which a component can be deployed. This approach is optimized to reduce the set of processed solutions. Moreover, the proposed architecture reacts continuously to relevant modifications in the Digital Home software architecture (connection and disconnection of devices, start and stop of applications) to always meet energy efficiency. The architecture is also designed to limit its own energy consumption impact. The feasibility of the approach is assessed with Digital Home applications and migration policies between devices