249 research outputs found
Psychosocial work and home stressors predict sickness absence from work
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Editorial: Exploring system justification phenomenon among disadvantaged individuals
The question of why (or even when) the disadvantaged might be more or less supportive of existing social arrangements is a matter of debate amongst social and political psychologists (e.g., Passini, 2019; Jost, 2020, see also Rubin et al., 2022). Accordingly, for this Research Topic, we chose a title that was deliberately broad in scope, accommodating several aspects that included: (a) the drivers of system justification; (b) the socio-structural conditions that enhance or dampen system justification, (c) the ideological correlates of system support, and (d) the impact of system justification on wellbeing. Taken together, the contributions comprised in this Research Topic provide a comprehensive analysis of these four issue
Fate of (D-Ala2)-deltorphin-I-like immunoreactive neurons in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat brain
The use of a polyclonal antiserum specific to C-terminal tetrapeptide amide of (D-Ala2)deltorphin-I, a naturally occurring amphibian skin opioid peptide, has already demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive neurons in rat midbrain. Double immunostaining identified these neurons as a subpopulation of the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that were also tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive and calbindin- D28kD- negative, namely, the neurons predominantly affected in Parkinson disease. We followed the fate of these neurons after a monolateral injection of 6-hydroxy-dopamine into rat brain. Almost all the immunopositive neurons and their nigrostriatal, mesolimbic and mesocortical projections on the side ipsilateral to the lesion disappeared. Only a few scattered immunopositive neurons within the substantia nigra, pars compacta, and those of supramammillary nucleus remained unaffected. The consistent overlap of dopamine and this new molecule provides a further key to identifying the mammalian counterpart of these amphibian skin opioid peptides
Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603â838 individuals
Background Long working hours might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but prospective evidence is scarce,
imprecise, and mostly limited to coronary heart disease. We aimed to assess long working hours as a risk factor for
incident coronary heart disease and stroke.
Methods We identifi ed published studies through a systematic review of PubMed and Embase from inception to
Aug 20, 2014. We obtained unpublished data for 20 cohort studies from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis
in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium and open-access data archives. We used cumulative random-eff ects
meta-analysis to combine eff ect estimates from published and unpublished data.
Findings We included 25 studies from 24 cohorts in Europe, the USA, and Australia. The meta-analysis of coronary
heart disease comprised data for 603 838 men and women who were free from coronary heart disease at baseline; the
meta-analysis of stroke comprised data for 528 908 men and women who were free from stroke at baseline. Follow-up
for coronary heart disease was 5·1 million person-years (mean 8·5 years), in which 4768 events were recorded, and
for stroke was 3·8 million person-years (mean 7·2 years), in which 1722 events were recorded. In cumulative
meta-analysis adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, compared with standard hours (35â40 h per week),
working long hours (â„55 h per week) was associated with an increase in risk of incident coronary heart disease
(relative risk [RR] 1·13, 95% CI 1·02â1·26; p=0·02) and incident stroke (1·33, 1·11â1·61; p=0·002). The excess risk of
stroke remained unchanged in analyses that addressed reverse causation, multivariable adjustments for other risk
factors, and diff erent methods of stroke ascertainment (range of RR estimates 1·30â1·42). We recorded a
doseâresponse association for stroke, with RR estimates of 1·10 (95% CI 0·94â1·28; p=0·24) for 41â48 working
hours, 1·27 (1·03â1·56; p=0·03) for 49â54 working hours, and 1·33 (1·11â1·61; p=0·002) for 55 working hours or
more per week compared with standard working hours (ptrend<0·0001).
Interpretation Employees who work long hours have a higher risk of stroke than those working standard hours; the
association with coronary heart disease is weaker. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the
management of vascular risk factors in individuals who work long hours
Long working hours and change in body weight : analysis of individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies
Objective To examine the relation between long working hours and change in body mass index (BMI). Methods We performed random effects meta-analyses using individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies from Europe, US and Australia (n = 122,078), with a mean of 4.4-year follow-up. Working hours were measured at baseline and categorised as part time (= 55 h/week (long working hours). There were four outcomes at follow-up: (1) overweight/obesity (BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)) or (2) overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) among participants without overweight/obesity at baseline; (3) obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) among participants with overweight at baseline, and (4) weight loss among participants with obesity at baseline. Results Of the 61,143 participants without overweight/obesity at baseline, 20.2% had overweight/obesity at follow-up. Compared with standard weekly working hours, the age-, sex- and socioeconomic status-adjusted relative risk (RR) of overweight/obesity was 0.95 (95% CI 0.90-1.00) for part-time work, 1.07 (1.02-1.12) for 41-48 weekly working hours, 1.09 (1.03-1.16) for 49-54 h and 1.17 (1.08-1.27) for long working hours (Pfor trendPeer reviewe
systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data
Objective To quantify the association between long working hours and alcohol
use. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and
unpublished individual participant data. Data sources A systematic search of
PubMed and Embase databases in April 2014 for published studies, supplemented
with manual searches. Unpublished individual participant data were obtained
from 27 additional studies. Review methods The search strategy was designed to
retrieve cross sectional and prospective studies of the association between
long working hours and alcohol use. Summary estimates were obtained with
random effects meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were examined with
meta-regression. Results Cross sectional analysis was based on 61 studies
representing 333â693 participants from 14 countries. Prospective analysis was
based on 20 studies representing 100â602 participants from nine countries. The
pooled maximum adjusted odds ratio for the association between long working
hours and alcohol use was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.18) in the
cross sectional analysis of published and unpublished data. Odds ratio of new
onset risky alcohol use was 1.12 (1.04 to 1.20) in the analysis of prospective
published and unpublished data. In the 18 studies with individual participant
data it was possible to assess the European Union Working Time Directive,
which recommends an upper limit of 48 hours a week. Odds ratios of new onset
risky alcohol use for those working 49-54 hours and â„55 hours a week were 1.13
(1.02 to 1.26; adjusted difference in incidence 0.8 percentage points) and
1.12 (1.01 to 1.25; adjusted difference in incidence 0.7 percentage points),
respectively, compared with working standard 35-40 hours (incidence of new
onset risky alcohol use 6.2%). There was no difference in these associations
between men and women or by age or socioeconomic groups, geographical regions,
sample type (population based v occupational cohort), prevalence of risky
alcohol use in the cohort, or sample attrition rate. Conclusions Individuals
whose working hours exceed standard recommendations are more likely to
increase their alcohol use to levels that pose a health risk
Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke : a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals
Background Long working hours might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but prospective evidence is scarce, imprecise, and mostly limited to coronary heart disease. We aimed to assess long working hours as a risk factor for incident coronary heart disease and stroke. Methods We identified published studies through a systematic review of PubMed and Embase from inception to Aug 20, 2014. We obtained unpublished data for 20 cohort studies from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium and open-access data archives. We used cumulative random-effects meta-analysis to combine effect estimates from published and unpublished data. Findings We included 25 studies from 24 cohorts in Europe, the USA, and Australia. The meta-analysis of coronary heart disease comprised data for 603 838 men and women who were free from coronary heart disease at baseline; the meta-analysis of stroke comprised data for 528 908 men and women who were free from stroke at baseline. Follow-up for coronary heart disease was 5.1 million person-years (mean 8.5 years), in which 4768 events were recorded, and for stroke was 3.8 million person-years (mean 7.2 years), in which 1722 events were recorded. In cumulative meta-analysis adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, compared with standard hours (35-40 h per week), working long hours (>= 55 h per week) was associated with an increase in risk of incident coronary heart disease (relative risk [RR] 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.26; p=0.02) and incident stroke (1.33, 1.11-1.61; p=0.002). The excess risk of stroke remained unchanged in analyses that addressed reverse causation, multivariable adjustments for other risk factors, and different methods of stroke ascertainment (range of RR estimates 1.30-1.42). We recorded a dose-response association for stroke, with RR estimates of 1.10 (95% CI 0.94-1.28; p=0.24) for 41-48 working hours, 1.27 (1.03-1.56; p=0.03) for 49-54 working hours, and 1.33 (1.11-1.61; p=0.002) for 55 working hours or more per week compared with standard working hours (p(trend) Interpretation Employees who work long hours have a higher risk of stroke than those working standard hours; the association with coronary heart disease is weaker. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the management of vascular risk factors in individuals who work long hours. Copyright (C) Kivimaki et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY.Peer reviewe
Comparison of alternative versions of the job demand-control scales in 17 European cohort studies : the IPD-Work consortium
BACKGROUND: Job strain (i.e., high job demands combined with low job control) is a frequently used indicator of harmful work stress, but studies have often used partial versions of the complete multi-item job demands and control scales. Understanding whether the different instruments assess the same underlying concepts has crucial implications for the interpretation of findings across studies, harmonisation of multi-cohort data for pooled analyses, and design of future studies. As part of the 'IPD-Work' (Individual-participant-data meta-analysis in working populations) consortium, we compared different versions of the demands and control scales available in 17 European cohort studies. METHODS: Six of the 17 studies had information on the complete scales and 11 on partial scales. Here, we analyse individual level data from 70 751 participants of the studies which had complete scales (5 demand items, 6 job control items). RESULTS: We found high Pearson correlation coefficients between complete scales of job demands and control relative to scales with at least three items (r > 0.90) and for partial scales with two items only (r = 0.76-0.88). In comparison with scores from the complete scales, the agreement between job strain definitions was very good when only one item was missing in either the demands or the control scale (kappa > 0.80); good for job strain assessed with three demand items and all six control items (kappa > 0.68) and moderate to good when items were missing from both scales (kappa = 0.54-0.76). The sensitivity was >0.80 when only one item was missing from either scale, decreasing when several items were missing in one or both job strain subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Partial job demand and job control scales with at least half of the items of the complete scales, and job strain indices based on one complete and one partial scale, seemed to assess the same underlying concepts as the complete survey instruments.Peer reviewe
Predicting needlestick and sharps injuries in nursing students: Development of the SNNIP scale
© 2020 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Aim: To develop an instrument to investigate knowledge and predictive factors of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) in nursing students during clinical placements. Design: Instrument development and cross-sectional study for psychometric testing. Methods: A self-administered instrument including demographic data, injury epidemiology and predictive factors of NSIs was developed between October 2018âJanuary 2019. Content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. The instrument's factor structure and discriminant validity were explored using principal components analysis. The STROBE guidelines were followed. Results: Evidence of content validity was found (S-CVI 0.75; I-CVI 0.50â1.00). A three-factor structure was shown by exploratory factor analysis. Of the 238 participants, 39% had been injured at least once, of which 67.3% in the second year. Higher perceptions of âpersonal exposureâ (4.06, SD 3.78) were reported by third-year students. Higher scores for âperceived benefitsâ of preventive behaviours (13.6, SD 1.46) were reported by second-year students
- âŠ