THE CULTURE OF COMMUNICATIVE PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH IN POLAND, ARMENIA AND RUSSIA FOR THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: RESEARCH RESULTS

The subject of the study is the impact of the development of information and communication technologies, the digitalization of social space on the culture of social participation of young people in post-communist countries (Poland, Armenia and the Russian Federation). The central concept of the implemented research is that today's youth, who have ample opportunities for social participation in the development of the territory of their residence, are poorly included in these processes due to the uneven formation of a culture of information participation. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the results of a sociological study of student youth in Poland, Armenia and Russia, the national specificity in the formation of a culture of information participation of students in the development of cities is shown, general factors determining the level of this participation are identified. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed a classification of the levels of youth participation in the information promotion of their city: zero, elementary, advanced and professional

The Role of Motivation in Technical Translation Teaching to Master Degree Students

The article considers issues of designing the course of technical translation for engineering students from the angle of its motivational constituent. Pedagogical and psychological aspects of engineering students have been viewed on the basis of their age and certain level of experience. Types of exercises developed for the course in technical translation have been analyzed with motivational exercises to be stated as basic ones

Fabrication and characterisation of affinity-bound liposomes

In considering the concept of surface-immobilised liposomes as a drug release system, two factors need to addressed, the interfacial surface density of the liposomes for maximum drug loading and the stability of these liposomes to allow for controlled drug release. This thesis investigates a multilayer system for the affinity immobilisation of liposomes and their stability to various applied stresses. In the work presented here an allylamine monomer was used to create plasma coatings that were stable, thin and amine-rich. The aging studies using AFM showed these films to rapidly oxidise on exposure to water. The freshly deposited films were used for further surface modifications, by the covalent grafting of PEG layers of different interfacial densities under the conditions of varying polymer solvation. The AFM was used to measure the interaction forces between the grafted PEG layers and modified silica interfaces. It was found that the polydispersity of the PEG species resulted in bridging interactions of ‘brush’-like PEG layers with the silica surface. These interactions were screened minimised by increasing the ionic strength of the solution. Although the densely grafted PEG layers were found to be highly protein-resistant by the XPS and QCM-D some minor protein-polymer adhesions were observed by the AFM. The densely anchored biotinylated PEG chains served as an optimum affinity platform for affinity-docking of NeutrAvidinTM molecules, which assembled in a rigid, 2-D layer as confirmed by the QCM-D. The submonolayer surface density of NeutrAvidin, as determined by Europium-labelling, was attributed to steric hindrance of the immobilised molecules. The final protein layer enabled specific binding of biotin-PEG-liposomes as a highly dissipative, dense and stable layer verified by tapping mode AFM and QCM-D. We found that these liposomes were also stable under a range of stresses induced by the shearing effects of water, silica probe and HSA layer at increased loads and velocities. The frictional response of the liposome layer also demonstrated the viscoelasticity and stability of these surface immobilised liposomes. Finally, the minimal adhesive interaction forces, as measured by the AFM, demonstrated the repellency of these liposomes to commonly found proteins, such as HSA

СЕМАНТИКА СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ С ОБЩИМ ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ «БОГАТЫЕ И БЕДНЫЕ» В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Purpose. The article deals with features of the semantic structure of collocations with the general meaning “the rich and the poor”, which represent the semantic fields of “wealth” and “poverty”. The purpose of the investigation is to characterize linguistic units at the lexical, morphological, syntactic levels in texts of four chronological periods: in Old Russian texts, literary texts of the XIX, XX, and XXI centuries.Metodology. The investigation has been conducted with the involvement of material and tools of the National corps of the Russian language. Author uses methods of component, distribution and contextual analysis.Results. The results of the study are that the general semantic component in the semantic structure is determined. This component is a generalized situation of the context. The author highlights the contextual situations of association, separation (opposition) and neutralization. It is established that in the text of the XIX century. The situation of association between subjects is the most representative in the texts of the XIX and XXI centuries. In the XX century the most representative is the context of neutralization, that is based on ideological reasons.Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied for academic lexicology courses, special linguoculturology and linguocognitive science courses, and for making defining, ideografic, dtachronic, paradigmatical dictionaries. Цель. В статье рассматриваются особенности семантической структуры сочинительных словосочетаний с общим значением «богатые и бедные», репрезентирующих семантические поля «богатство» и «бедность». Целью работы является характеристика исследуемых единиц на лексическом, морфологическом, синтаксическом уровнях языка в текстах четырех хронологических периодов: в старорусских текстах, художественных текстах XIX, XX и XXI вв.Метод или методология проведения работы. Исследование проведено с привлечением материала и инструментария Национального корпуса русского языка. В ходе исследования применяются методы компонентного, дистрибутивного и контекстуального анализа.Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования определен наиболее общий семантический компонент структуры рассматриваемых единиц, позволяющий классифицировать случаи употребления, – обобщенная ситуация контекста. Выделены контекстные ситуации объединения, разделения (противопоставления) и нейтрализации. Установлено, что распределение контекстных ситуаций характерно для текстов XIX и последующих веков. Ситуация объединения субъектов является наиболее репрезентативной в текстах XIX и XXI вв. В XX в. наиболее репрезентативной является контекстная ситуация нейтрализации, что обусловлено идеологическими причинами.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в вузовских курсах лексикологии, спецкурсах по лингвокультурологии и лингвокогнитивистике, при составлении толковых, идеографических, диахронических, парадигматических словарей

4-(5-Amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridinium chloride monohydrate

In the cation of the title compound, C7H8N5 +·Cl−·H2O, the mean planes of the pyridine and 1,2,4-triazole rings form a dihedral angle of 2.3 (1)°. The N atom of the amino group adopts a trigonal–pyramidal configuration. The N atom of the pyridine ring is protonated, forming a chloride salt. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the cations, anions and water mol­ecules into layers parallel to the (1, 0, ) plane

Shear and Bearing Capacity of Corroded Steel Beam Bridges and the Effects on Load Rating

Corrosion in the girders of steel girder bridges often occurs due to the deicing salts, water, and other debris that leak through the deck joints into the web and bottom flange at the girder ends. Corrosion causes loss of cross-sectional area leading to a reduction in section properties of the member, which eventually results in a reduction in structural resistance against shear and bearing. In this study, seven full-scale tests were performed on decommissioned steel girders acquired from bridges scheduled for demolition in Indiana. Two of the four girders had severe corrosion with cracks and holes in the bottom of the web induced by corrosion, while four girders had moderate section loss induced artificially. All seven girders were subjected to shear loading to determine the residual shear and bearing capacity. Test results revealed a reduction in strength due to section loss compared to nominal sections. Failure modes observed during these four large-scale experiments were shear buckling, shear rupture, and web local crippling. Finite element models were developed and benchmarked to the experimental results. Parametric studies were performed for unstiffened and stiffened girders and included different corrosion scenarios by varying parameters such as corrosion height, length, and thickness loss. Results were analyzed to investigate the effect of each parameter and a modification factor was developed to estimate the residual shear and bearing capacity of corroded girders

The effects of acidosis on eNOS in the systemic vasculature: a focus on early postnatal ontogenesis

The activity of many vasomotor signaling pathways strongly depends on extracellular/intracellular pH. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important vasodilators produced by the endothelium. In this review, we present evidence that in most vascular beds of mature mammalian organisms metabolic or respiratory acidosis increases functional endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) activity, despite the observation that direct effects of low pH on eNOS enzymatic activity are inhibitory. This can be explained by the fact that acidosis increases the activity of signaling pathways that positively regulate eNOS activity. The role of NO in the regulation of vascular tone is greater in early postnatal ontogenesis compared to adulthood. Importantly, in early postnatal ontogenesis acidosis also augments functional eNOS activity and its contribution to the regulation of arterial contractility. Therefore, the effect of acidosis on total peripheral resistance in neonates may be stronger than in adults and can be one of the reasons for an undesirable decrease in blood pressure during neonatal asphyxia. The latter, however, should be proven in future studies