Awareness of Conflict of Interest as an Academic Standard of Ethics

The paper shows that conflicts of interest in science undermine its ethos. Some examples of this phenomenon have been analysed from the point of view of its destructive consequences. The need to counter them has also been identified in our country and some legal regulations and self-regulations are gradually being introduced. However, they are not always respected in practice. In the last part of the paper a model of management of risk of bias in scientific research has been outlined. The main thesis says that an awareness of conflict of interest embracing both knowledge of the general issues and relevant assessment of personal risk of lack of objectivism should be an ethical minimum of every scientific worker

Does the standardisation of CSR conduce to responsible business?

Celem artykułu jest ujawnienie ograniczeń związanych ze standaryzacją CSR. W pierwszej części dokonano rekonstrukcji celów i form standaryzacji CSR, następnie przedstawiono spektrum standardów CSR, pokazując możliwe ich uporządkowania. Kolejna część artykułu sięga do danych empirycznych weryfikujących efektywność standardów CSR. Okazuje się że często nie spełniają one swojej roli, a nawet zwiększają poziom nieodpowiedzialności. W ostatniej części artykułu podjęto analizę przyczyn zawodności tych standardów.The aim of the paper is to disclose the limitations of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) standards. First, the aims and forms of CSR standardisation and the spectrum of CSR standards including their possible classifications are presented. The next part of the paper deals with the empirical data verifying the efficiency of CSR standards which often prove to be dysfunctional or even enhancing irresponsibility. The last part is devoted to the analysis of the causes of the unreliability of CSR standards

Architectural work output ‒ space presentation forms

Great masters expressed their architectural thoughts through lines drawn by hand on sheets of tracing paper. Will the new technology in the form of parametric design tools, computer models, 3D pens and spatial printing become a distinctive feature of our times? A concept presented in the form of an architectural design becomes most valuable when it is put down on paper through soul and hand, like a violinist transferring a melody to the strings with a sensitivity of an author. In spite of the development of computer technology, at the stage of impressive concept designing there is an even greater need for the return to hand-drawn designs. In view of electronic media, it shows a high quality of the architect’s technique, original and individual approach and specific value of handmade creation

Cardiovascular complications after radiotherapy

Over the past decades, effective cancer therapies have resulted in a significant improvement in thesurvival rates for a number of cancers and an increase in the number of cancer survivors. Radiationtherapy is widely used in the treatment of cancer, and it can induce various cardiotoxicities that differconsiderably from chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. They occur primarily as late radiation-inducedcomplications, several years from the end of anticancer treatment and present as coronary artery disease,heart failure, pericardial disease, valvular heart disease and arrhythmias. Patients who recoveredfrom cancer disease suffer from cardiac complications of anticancer treatment, it affects the quality oftheir lives and life expectancy, especially if the diagnosis is delayed. These patients may present distinctsymptoms of cardiac injury, resulting from radiation-induced neurotoxicity and altered pain perception,which makes diagnosis difficult. This review highlights the need for a screening programme for patientswho have undergone radiation therapy and which will subsequently have a potentially profound impacton morbidity and mortality

Horizontal trust among lecturers at the universities of applied sciences

Purpose: Horizontal trust among lecturers at universities seems to be particularly unexplored in the literature. The main purpose of this paper is to fi ll in this gap and is an attempt to answer the question: how lecturers perceive, address and reconstruct trust in their teaching.Methodology: The data; narratives of lecturers, consists of told and written stories (N=23) collected in Finland, Hungary and the United Kingdom. Collecting multinational dataset is based on the European attempt of the harmonisation and internationalisation of education and on the cooperation of educational institutions. The narratives were analysed in two stages: first by narrative analysis and then by condensing textual data.Findings: The results argue that trust creates trusting atmosphere between lecturers. Without trust cooperation between lecturers creates tension and diff iculties. Trust creates welfare and good results for teaching. Without trust the lecturers cannot give their best to the students, colleagues and all in all to the university of the applied sciences. Trust makes it possible to change teaching methods and organisational structures at the universities of the applied sciences. Without trust working methods are difficult to develop. Trust contributes to good cooperation between lecturers and more positive results to develop academic education in Europe.Originality/value: The results of this paper are consistent with previous research, however they shed light in much more detail on horizontal trust at universities emphasizing, among others, the fact that trust impacts the organization’s success, and strengthens intra- and inter-organizational relationships

Ethical model of lobbying: An analysis of the codes regulating lobbying activity

Self-regulation initiatives are undertaken by many lobbying circles in various countries. The key element of those initiatives are codes of ethics including a postulated model of lobbying activities, a specific pattern of ethical standards of lobbying. The aim of the article is a reconstruction of this pattern on the basis of the analysis of eight codes representing American, Polish, British, European and German lobbying. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. An axiological base of the lobbyist profession is created by such values as honesty, reliability, integrity, trust, professionalism, civic responsibility, openness, transparency, loyalty, respect, courtesy. Norms included in the codes are concentrated on the following issues: legality, transparency of actions, care of reputation and dignity of the profession, avoiding corruption, conflict of interest, customer relationship, duties toward society, public relations. A weak element of lobbying self-regulation is a system of norm execution.Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship

The financial morality of Polish consumers

The consent to abuse made by consumers reflects a particular normative order which constitutes part of a socially accepted moral order. It constitutes a specific market regulator because the wide acceptance of unethical behaviours can hinder the functioning of legal and other formal institutions, while the lack of such acceptance can support them and make them more efficient. The paper presents the results of a periodical research project aimed at reconstructing this order in the financial area. The project, entitled “The Financial Morality of Poles”, includes a survey of a group of 1000 Polish adults from the whole country. The survey has been conducted on a yearly basis since 2016. The main result of the project is a map of Poles’ moral permissivism in the area of finance. The map is based on questions the respondents were asked about the level of justification of consumer activities which are illegal or which violate moral norms. Ethical standards for judging consumers’ behaviours vary considerably, from behaviours that are condemned by the overwhelming majority to behaviours deemed justifiable by more than half of the respondents. It was assumed that, based on the results obtained in individual questions, an estimate of consumer reliability on the financial market can be made. This estimate results from averaging the responses which accept the behaviours described in the questions and is defined as the acceptance index for unethical financial behaviours

The Social Responsibility Standards of Small Enterprises: A Comparative Analysis of Polish and British Companies

The aim of this article is to discern the crux of SME sector social responsibility in developing countries. An attempt is made to identify, empirically, the ethical standards subscribed to by small firms in Poland and to compare them with the standards of small firms in the UK. The methodology of empirical analysis of the ethical standards of Polish entrepreneurs running small businesses was modelled on Laura Spence’s research on the priorities, practices and ethics of small firms in the UK. This analysis has revealed certain similarities and significant differences in the way CSR is perceived by Polish and British entrepreneurs. British entrepreneurs manifest a higher degree of awareness with regard to the issue of social responsibility and are more strongly motivated by their external environment to take up social responsibility issues than Polish ones

INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST AS A FACTOR THAT AFFECTS SATISFACTION WITH DOCTORAL STUDIES

The aim of the article is to examine intra-organizational trust as a factor impacting satisfaction with doctoral studies. The study on intra-organizational trust is related to three types of trust: vertical trust, horizontal trust and institutional trust. In turn, perceived satisfaction is linked to knowledge and competences gained at a university (academic satisfaction) and studying atmosphere (satisfaction with atmosphere). Furthermore, the following research questions were addressed in this paper: (1) Does personal experience from the past, current personal experience and the impact of surroundings affect particular types of trust? (2) Do particular types of trust and support provided by a university influence the willingness to take a risk? Therefore, in the underlying research the following factors that may be related to trust have been studied: university's support, willingness to take a risk, personal experience from the past, impact of surroundings. The sample consisted of 41 PhD students (26 women and 16 men). The Jagiellonian University has been represented by 11 doctorate student, where as  AGH University of Science and Technology surveyed 30 PhD students. The results of the study allow to answer the research question by pointing out to particular types of intra-organizational trust at a university as factors that affect PhD students’ satisfaction with doctoral studies. Study presents a positive correlation between intra-organizational trust and satisfaction at a university. Moreover, the impact of institutional trust on academic satisfaction and the influence of trust in lecturer and the impact of horizontal trust on satisfaction from atmosphere has been prove.