Inter and Intra Subpopulation Genetic Variability of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) Assessed by I and II Class Genetic Markers

This article is published as Kamieniarz, Robert, Anna Wolc, Mirosław Lisowski, Mirosława Dabert, Bartosz Grajewski, Ryszard Steppa, and Tomasz Szwaczkowski. "Inter and intra subpopulation genetic variability of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) assessed by I and II class genetic markers." Folia biologica 59, no. 3-4 (2011): 127-133. doi: 10.3409/fb59_3-4.127-133.</p

Bis(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)(maleato-κ2 O 1,O 1′)nickel(II) 7.34-hydrate

The title compound, [Ni(C4H2O4)(C10H8N2)2]·7.34H2O, was obtained by crystallization from an aqueous ethano­lic reaction mixture containing nickel(II) acetate, maleic acid, bipyridine, sodium hydroxide and ammonia. The asymmetric unit contains one independent complex mol­ecule and 7.34 water mol­ecules occupying eight crystallographically independent positions. Two of these water molecules are disordered. The nickel(II) atom is coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral geometry by two O atoms from one carboxyl­ate group of the maleato ligand and by four N atoms from two 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands. The water mol­ecules, along with the O atoms of the uncoordinated carboxyl­ate group, form an extended hydro­philic three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded system with large cavities in which the hydro­phobic bipy ligands are located. One H atom of the maleate ligand is involved in a weak hydrogen bond of the C—H⋯O type. Stacking inter­actions between the pyridyl rings of the bipy ligands [centroid–centroid distance = 3.549 (15) Å] lead to the formation of pairs of complex mol­ecules

Assessment of dynamic balance during step initiation in Parkinson’s disease patients and elderly – a validity study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the novel posturographic procedure and to investigate the relationships between parameters of this procedure and clinical tests. We hypothesised the proposed step initiation procedure to be reliable method of balance and motor disability assessment, especially in patients with neurological deficits. Also, we assumed high significant correlation between parameters of step initiation procedures and clinical tests. Methods: The 35 subjects with idiopathic PD and 35 agedmatched healthy controls participated in this study. The gait initiation was measured using two force platforms. The procedure consisted of three phases: (1) quiet standing on a first platform (2) crossing on the second platform, (3) quiet standing on a second platform. Testing was carried out in four conditions: unperturbed trial, obstacle crossing, step-up and step-down. Results: In the proposed gait initiation procedure, the vCOP, raCOP and rmsCOP showed an excellent reliability (ICC > 0.80). For transit phase, reliability of all variables in all conditions also was excellent (ICC = 0.8–0.9). There were only a few associations between Tinetti scores and posturographic variables in controls, but in PD patients the significant correlations were found between the proposed measures and the UPDRS, Tinetti, FRT, TUG and with the BBS. Conclusions: The proposed gait initiation procedure is reliable and very suitable for the assessment of patients with Parkinson’s disease. It can be used as an objective assessment of the clinical condition and dynamic balance, and help in the designing and programming of the appropriate rehabilitation and treatment

Fall-related measures in elderly individuals and Parkinson's disease subjects.

Falls pose a serious problem in elderly and clinical populations. Most often, they lead to a loss of mobility and independence. They might also be an indirect cause of death. The aim of this study was to determine an objective predictor of the fear of falling and falls in elderly subjects (ESs) and Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects. Thirty-two ESs were examined in this study, of whom sixteen were diagnosed with PD. The testing procedures comprised force plate measurements (limit of stability test-LOS test) and clinical tests (Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, Timed Up and Go test, Tinetti test). The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) was used to evaluate the fear of falling. The range of the maximum forward lean was normalized to the length from the ankle joint to the head of the first metatarsal bone and was named the functional forward stability indicator (FFSI). The FFSI, derived from the LOS test, allowed us to demonstrate the real deficit in functional stability and individual safety margins. Moreover, the FFSI was highly correlated with the FES-I score and almost all clinical test results in elderly subjects (r>0,6; p0,6, p<0.05) was noted. The PD subjects presented a different balance strategy when close to their stability limits, which was also reflected in the lower values of sample entropy (t = (-2.40); p<0.05; d = 0.87). The FFSI might be a good predictor of the fear of falling in the group of elderly people. Additionally, the FFSI allows us to show real balance deficits both in PD subjects and in their healthy peers without the need for a reference group and norms. In conclusion, it is postulated that the popular clinical assessments of postural balance in PD subjects should be accompanied by reliable posturography measurements

Balance assessment in selected stages of Parkinson’s disease using trend change analysis

Abstract Background Balance disorders in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are associated with a change in balance-keeping strategy and reflex disorders which regulate the maintenance of vertical body posture. Center of foot pressure (COP) displacement signals were analyzed during quiet standing experiments to define such changes. The research aimed to apply stock exchange indices based on the trend change analyses to the assessment of a level of the Parkinson disease progression on the grounds of the analysis of the COP signals. Methods 30 patients in two stages of PD, 40 elderly participants, and 20 individuals at a young age were studied. Each person was subjected to 3 measurements with open and closed eyes. A technical analysis of the COP displacement signal was performed, and the following quantities were determined: indices related to the number of trend changes (TCI), indices defining a mean time (TCI_dT), and mean displacement (TCI_dS) and mean velocity (TCI_dV) between such changes. Results The results indicate a higher TCI value for PD than for aged-matched control group (p < 0.05). In the case of PD patients, there was also an increase in the TCI_dS value by 2–5 mm, which mainly contributed to the increase in TCI_dV. Statistically significant differences for the TCI_dT values occurred between all groups in which differences in the average COP velocity were noted. Conclusions The TCI and TCI_dV results obtained for the healthy participants enabled the development of indices supporting PD diagnostics. The causes of the TCI_dV changes in patients were determined, i.e., whether they resulted from an increase in the TCI_dT or TCI_dS between the moments of trend changes indicated by the developed algorithm. The developed methodology provides new information on the impact of PD on the strategy of maintaining balance, which was impossible to obtain using currently used analyses. Trial registration The conducted research is an observational study and does not include a health care intervention. Participants gave their consent to participate in the research and the procedure was approved by the Institutional Bioethics Committee

Inter and Intra Subpopulation Genetic Variability of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) Assessed by I and II Class Genetic Markers

This article is published as Kamieniarz, Robert, Anna Wolc, Mirosław Lisowski, Mirosława Dabert, Bartosz Grajewski, Ryszard Steppa, and Tomasz Szwaczkowski. "Inter and intra subpopulation genetic variability of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) assessed by I and II class genetic markers." Folia biologica 59, no. 3-4 (2011): 127-133. doi: 10.3409/fb59_3-4.127-133.</p