Ecological-and-economic foundations for sustainable land management

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to provide the ecological-and-economic substantiation of the factors of formation and improvement of the resource-saving land use in the regions of Ukraine. Results. There is a high direct correlation between land consumption (land capacity) in agriculture and land consumption in the economy; moderate direct relationship between land consumption in agriculture and specific damage from the loss of humus per unit of gross regional product; moderate direct relationship between the level of plowing and the total environmental-and-economic damage from the loss of humus; weak direct relationship between the level of plowing and the specific damage from the loss of humus per unit of gross agricultural output. It was found that the variation of land capacity of the economy by 67.5% depended on the variation of land consumption in agriculture. As a result of approbation of the developed regression model, the predicted specific damage from the loss of humus per unit of gross agricultural output was calculated using the example of Zaporizhia and Kharkiv regions. A quantitative assessment was made of the dependence of the specific damage from the loss of humus per unit of gross regional product on the productivity of land use and environmental-and-economic assessment of the balance of humus. As a result of the clustering carried out, 24 regions of Ukraine are combined into five clusters, each of which is characterized by similar parameters of resource-saving land use, which made it possible to determine the main reserves for improving the resource-saving land use for each cluster. Scientific novelty. The provisions regarding sustainable land management based on the environmental-and-economic regulation of its resource-saving land use have been further developed. For the first time, the quantitative impact of some factors of land use on the indicators of its resource-saving was established, and a cluster analysis of resource-saving land use in the regions of Ukraine was carried out, which made it possible to determine priority areas for its improvement in the future. Practical value. The results of correlation and cluster analysis, regression modeling and forecasting of resource-saving land use indicators on the example of some regions of Ukraine can be used both for scientific purposes and for the formation of a system of sustainable land management at the regional level

Прилад для визначення товщини шарів плівкоутворення на статичних підкладках

Прилад для визначення товщини шарів плівкоутворення на статичних підкладках складається з резервуара постійного рівня рідини, на днищі якого виконано щонайменше один отвір і до якого приєднаний плоский змінний плівкоутворювач, електроконтактного пристрою, який складається з мікрометра з голкою, яка може переміщуватися по висоті та індикатора змінного струму. Мікрометр жорстко закріплений до днища резервуара постійного рівня рідини та розміщений під прямим кутом до плоского змінного плівкоутворювача

Фізичні основи формування складу та властивостей наноструктурних боридних, нітридних та боридонітридних плівок перехідних металів для застосування у машинобудуванні

Методи отримання та дослідження зразків - для осадження зразків використано методи магнетронного розпилення та вакуумного дугового осадження. Для дослідження структури і фазового стану – рентгеноструктурний аналіз та просвічуюча електронна мікроскопія, для вимірювання нанотвердості – нанотвердомер, для визначення товщини – інтерферометр, шорсткості поверхні – атомно-силова мікроскопія та скануюча електронна мікроскопія, хімічного складу - енергетично-дисперсійної рентгенівської спектроскопії, для вимірювання адгезії - скретч-тестер

Current State of Spatial Organization of Female Bodies in the First Mature age Who Practice Recreational Fitness

У статті на основі аналізу науково-методичної літератури проведено систематизацію даних щодо факторів впливу на стан здоров’я людини, схарактеризовано просторову організацію тіла як показник здоров’я людини. Мета дослідження – систематизація даних науково-методичної літератури щодо сучасного стану просторової організації тіла жінок першого зрілого віку, які займаються оздоровчим фітнесом. Результати. Виявлено особливості показників просторової організації тіла жінок у процесі занять оздоровчим фітнесом. In this article on the basis of the analysis of scientific and methodological literature it was conducted systematization of the data about the factors affecting human health condition, presented the characteristics of body’s spatial organization as an indicator of human health. The research objective is to systematize the data of scientific and methodological literature on the current state of spatial organization of female bodies in the first mature age who practice recreational fitness. It was identified the indices of spatial organization of female bodies in the process of recreational fitness

Diagnostics of Human Posture: History and Modern Condition

Проаналізовано стан питання діагностики постави людини в історичному аспекті, визначено сучасні тенденції здійснення контролю стану постави, розкрито перспективні напрями цього питання. Визначено два основні напрями діагностики постави людини на сучасному етапі: методи оперативного контролю стану постави, які дають змогу виконувати масові обстеження великих груп людей; поглиблені інструментальні методи з використанням засобів інформаційних технологій, які уможливлюють отримання точних кількісних даних про стан постави людини. There has been conducted the analysis of the topic of diagnostics of human posture in the historical aspect, defined the modern tendencies of monitoring of posture condition and revealed the perspective directions of this issue. It is defined the main directions of di diagnosing of human posture at the modern stage: methods of operative control of posture condition that allow massive investigation of large groups of people; profound instrumental methods with the use of information technologies means which allow to obtain precise quantitative data on the state of human posture

MCL1 is Required for Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis and Prevention of Carcinogenesis in Mice

BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal epithelial homeostasis depends on a tightly regulated balance between intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death and proliferation. Disruption of factors that promote IEC death result in intestinal inflammation, whereas loss of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as BCL2 or its family member BCL2L1, has no effect on intestinal homeostasis in mice. We investigated the functions of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, another member of the BCL2 family, in intestinal homeostasis in mice. METHODS We generated mice with IEC-specific disruption of Mcl1 (Mcl1$^{ΔIEC}$ mice) or tamoxifen-inducible IEC-specific disruption of Mcl1 (i-Mcl1$^{ΔIEC}$ mice); these mice and mice with full-length Mcl1 (controls) were raised under normal or germ-free conditions. Some mice were given antibiotics in their drinking water or the PORCUPINE WNT inhibitor WNT974. Mice were analyzed by endoscopy and for intestinal epithelial barrier permeability. Intestinal tissues were analyzed by histology, in situ hybridization, proliferation assays, and immunoblots. Levels of calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation, were measured in intestinal tissues and feces. RESULTS Mcl1$^{ΔIEC}$ mice spontaneously developed apoptotic enterocolopathy, characterized by increased IEC apoptosis, hyperproliferative crypts, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Loss of MCL1 retained intestinal crypts in a hyperproliferated state and prevented the differentiation of intestinal stem cells. Proliferation of intestinal stem cells in MCL1-deficient mice required WNT signaling and was associated with DNA damage accumulation. By 1 year of age, Mcl1$^{ΔIEC}$ mice developed intestinal tumors with morphologic and genetic features of human adenomas and carcinomas. Germ-free housing of Mcl1$^{ΔIEC}$ mice reduced markers of microbiota-induced intestinal inflammation but not tumor development. CONCLUSION The anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, a member of the BCL2 family, is required for maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and prevention of carcinogenesis in mice. Loss of MCL1 results in development of intestinal carcinomas, even under germ-free conditions, and therefore does not involve microbe-induced chronic inflammation. Mcl1$^{ΔIEC}$ mice might be used to study apoptotic enterocolopathy and inflammatory bowel diseases

Spring 2020 Atmospheric Aerosol Contamination over Kyiv City

Extraordinarily high aerosol contamination was observed in the atmosphere over the city of Kyiv, Ukraine, during the March–April 2020 period. The source of contamination was the large grass and forest fires in the northern part of Ukraine and the Kyiv region. The level of PM2.5 load was investigated using newly established AirVisual sensor mini-networks in five areas of the city. The aerosol data from the Kyiv AERONET sun-photometer site were analyzed for that period. Aerosol optical depth, Ångström exponent, and the aerosol particles properties (particle size distribution, single-scattering albedo, and complex refractive index) were analyzed using AERONET sun-photometer observations. The smoke particles observed at Kyiv site during the fires in general correspond to aerosol with optical properties of biomass burning aerosol. The variability of the optical properties and chemical composition indicates that the aerosol particles in the smoke plumes over Kyiv city were produced by different burning materials and phases of vegetation fires at different times. The case of enormous PM2.5 aerosol contamination in the Kyiv city reveals the need to implement strong measures for forest fire control and prevention in the Kyiv region, especially in its northwest part, where radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster is still significant

Spring 2020 Atmospheric Aerosol Contamination over Kyiv City

International audienceExtraordinarily high aerosol contamination was observed in the atmosphere over the city of Kyiv, Ukraine, during the March–April 2020 period. The source of contamination was the large grass and forest fires in the northern part of Ukraine and the Kyiv region. The level of PM2.5 load was investigated using newly established AirVisual sensor mini-networks in five areas of the city. The aerosol data from the Kyiv AERONET sun-photometer site were analyzed for that period. Aerosol optical depth, Ångström exponent, and the aerosol particles properties (particle size distribution, single-scattering albedo, and complex refractive index) were analyzed using AERONET sun-photometer observations. The smoke particles observed at Kyiv site during the fires in general correspond to aerosol with optical properties of biomass burning aerosol. The variability of the optical properties and chemical composition indicates that the aerosol particles in the smoke plumes over Kyiv city were produced by different burning materials and phases of vegetation fires at different times. The case of enormous PM2.5 aerosol contamination in the Kyiv city reveals the need to implement strong measures for forest fire control and prevention in the Kyiv region, especially in its northwest part, where radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster is still significant