To assess and be assessed: Upper secondary school students’ narratives of credibility judgements

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how students construct narratives of themselves as information seekers in a school context where their descriptions of their information activities are assessed and graded. Design/methodology/approach – Blog posts on credibility judgements written by 28 students at a Swedish upper secondary school were analysed through a bottom-up coding process based in the sociocultural concept of narratives of selves. Findings – Two tensions in the students’ accounts are identified. The first tension is that between the description of the individual, independent student and the description of the good group member. The second tension is between describing oneself as an independent information seeker and at the same time as someone who seeks information in ways that are sanctioned within the school setting. Research limitations/implications – The study focuses on a specific social practice and on situated activities, but also illustrates some aspects of information activities that pertain to educational contexts in general. It explores how social norms related to credibility judgements are expressed and negotiated in discursive interaction. Practical implications – The study highlights that when information activities become objects of assessment, careful consideration of what aspects are meant to be assessed is necessary. Originality/value – The study is based on the idea of information activities as socially and discursively shaped, and it illustrates some of the consequences when information activities become objects of teaching, learning, and grading

The role of pollinator attracting scent in the sexually deceptive orchids Ophrys chestermanii, O. normanii and O. tenthredinifera

Sexual deception of male bees is one of the most remarkable mechanisms of pollination (Ackermann 1986, Proctor & al. 1996). Flowers of the orchid genus Ophrys mimic females of their pollinator species, usually bees and wasps, to attract males, which try to copulate with the flowers. During this so-called “pseudocopulation” the male removes the pollinia and transfers them to another flower to ensure pollination. Apart from visual and tactile cues, floral scent was shown to be most important for eliciting mating behaviour in males (Kullenberg 1961, Schiestl & al. 1999, Ayasse & al. 2003). Pollination in Ophrys is highly specific and usually each Ophrys species attracts only one pollinator species (Paulus & Gack 1990). The high degree of specialization provides the means of reproductive isolation between the intercrossable Ophrys-species (Ehrendorfer 1980). The complex odour-bouquets released by the flowers are species-specific and often consist of more than 100 different chemical compounds (Borg-Karlson & al. 1985, Ayasse 2006). Speciation in Ophrys-orchids may be brought about by changes in the pollinator attracting floral scent. The attraction of a new pollinator may act as a pre-zygotic isolation barrier (Stebbins 1970, Paulus & Gack 1990, Soliva & al. 2001). We investigated three sympatrically occuring Ophrys-species on Sardinia. O. chestermanii and O. normanii are endemic and are both pollinated by males of the bumblebee B. vestalis. O. tenthredinifera is pollinated by Eucera nigrilabris. There are different opinions concerning the taxonomic status of O. normanii. It has been described as an actual hybrid between O. chestermanii and O. tenthredinifera (Wood 1983). Paulus & Gack (1995) suggested that it is an own species, that either has developed from a hybrid between O. chestermanii and O. normanii or that has evolved by radiation from O. tenthredinifera. By conducting behavioural-tests with B. vestalis males, performing gas chromatographic analyses and electrophysiological studies we wanted to identify pollinator attracting scent and to clarify the taxonomic status of O. normanii.Sexualtäuschorchideen der Gattung Ophrys (Orchidaceae) imitieren die Weibchen ihrer Bestäuber in Duft, Form und Farbe. Insektenmännchen versuchen mit dem Labellum der Blüte zu kopulieren und transportieren den Pollen von Blüte zu Blüte, wodurch die Orchidee bestäubt wird. In dieser Arbeit untersuchten wir die Bestäuber anlockenden Duftstoffe der beiden endemisch auf Sardinien vorkommenden Arten O. normanii und O. chestermanii, die beide von Bombus vestalis Männchen (Hymenoptera: Apidae) bestäubt werden und von O. tenthredinifera, die Eucera nigrilabris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) zur Bestäubung anlockt. O. normanii wurde von Wood (1983) als Primärhybride beschrieben. Nach Paulus und Gack (1995) handelt es sich um eine hybridogene Art oder um eine Art die durch Abspaltung von O. tenthredinifera entstanden ist. Das Ziel der Untersuchungen war die Identifizierung Männchen-anlockender Verbindungen. Die Attraktivität der drei Arten für B. vestalis Männchen sollte Hinweise auf den Artstatus von O. normanii geben. In Biotests mit B. vestalis-Männchen lösten Blütenextrakte von O. normanii und O. chestermanii ebenso wie B. vestalis-Weibchen Kopulationsverhalten der Männchen aus, nicht jedoch Extrakte von O. tenthredinifera. Folglich handelt es sich bei O. normanii nicht um einen aktuellen Hybriden zwischen O. chestermanii und O. tenthredinifera. Ein Vergleich der GC-EAD-aktiven Duftbouquets mittels Diskriminanzanalyse ergab große Ähnlichkeiten zwischen O. normanii und O. chestermanii für die Substanzklassen der Ester, Alkohole und Fettsäuren, die daher vermutlich eine Schlüsselfunktion bei der Bestäuberanlockung haben

Target state of digitalisation in early childhood education and care, pre-primary, primary and lower secondary education

Aiemmin ilmestyneissä suomen- ja ruotsinkielisessä versioiden tiivistelmissä englanninkielisen nimi on Desired outcomes for digitalisation of early childhood education and care, pre-primary, primary and lower secondary education.A description of the target state of digital transformation in early childhood education and care, pre-primary, primary and lower secondary education is completed in autumn 2023. The description is drawn up as part of the ‘Framework for Digitalisation in Early Childhood Education and Care, Comprehensive School Education and Liberal Adult Education’ project, which develops the guidance, direction and effectiveness of digitalisation and the anticipation capacity of the Ministry's administrative branch. The description makes concrete the objectives set out in Finland's Digital Compass, Policies for the digitalisation of education and training until 2027, and other significant documents defining how digitalisation should be carried out in the sector from the perspective of early childhood education and care and pre-primary, primary and lower secondary education. Digitalisation is examined through seven areas: preconditions for digitalisation development, digital competence, support for developing digital infrastructure, services and interoperability, data management and quality, data protection and information security, digitalisation-related legislation and legal interpretation, and digitalisation research. The objectives of digitalisation are described in the context of early childhood education and care, pre-primary, primary and lower secondary education. This should enable all those involved in the education and training sector to carry out long-term, proactive and strategically guided work to achieve the desired outcomes. A description of the nationally defined and shared outcomes will help the parties to come up with concrete measures, advancing digital transformation towards the sector's shared target state

Varhaiskasvatuksen, esi- ja perusopetuksen digitalisaation tavoitetila

Varhaiskasvatuksen, esi- ja perusopetuksen digitalisaation tavoitetilan kuvaus valmistuu syksyllä 2023 osana Varhaiskasvatuksen, esi- ja perusopetuksen sekä vapaan sivistystyön digitalisaation viitekehys -hanketta. Hankkeessa kehitetään digitalisaation ohjausta ja vaikuttavuutta sekä hallinnonalan ennakointikykyä. Tavoitetilan kuvauksella konkretisoidaan Suomen digitaalisen kompassin, Kasvatuksen ja koulutuksen digitalisaation linjausten 2027 sekä muiden merkittävien toimialan digitalisaatiota määrittelevien asiakirjojen asettamia tavoitteita varhaiskasvatuksen, esi- ja perusopetuksen näkökulmasta. Digitalisaatiota tarkastellaan seitsemän osa-alueen kautta: digitalisaation kehittämisen edellytykset, digitaalinen osaaminen, digitaalisen infrastruktuurin, palveluiden ja yhteentoimivuuden kehittämisen tuki, tiedonhallinta ja laatu, tietosuoja ja -turva, digitalisaation lainsäädäntö ja -tulkinta sekä digitalisaation tutkimus. Digitalisaation tavoitteet kuvataan varhaiskasvatuksen, esi- ja perusopetuksen kontekstissa.Tällöin kaikki kasvatus- ja koulutustoimijat voivat tehdä pitkäjänteistä, ennakoivaa ja strategisesti ohjattua työtä tavoitetilan toteutumiseksi. Kansallisesti määritellyn ja yhteisesti jaetun tavoitetilan kuvaaminen mahdollistaa konkreettisten toimenpiteiden muodostamisen, mikä edistää toimialan digitalisaation kehitystä kohti yhteisesti jaettua tavoitetilaa

Målbild för digitaliseringen av småbarnspedagogiken, förskoleundervisningen och den grundläggande utbildningen

Beskrivningen av målbilden för digitaliseringen av småbarnspedagogiken, förskoleundervisningen och den grundläggande utbildningen blir klar hösten 2023 som en del av projektet för en referensram för digitaliseringen av småbarnspedagogiken, förskoleundervisningen och den grundläggande utbildningen. I projektet utvecklas styrningen och effekterna av digitalisering samt förvaltningsområdets förmåga till förutseende. Genom beskrivningen av målbilden konkretiseras de mål som ställs upp av Finlands digitala kompass, riktlinjerna för digitaliseringen av fostran och utbildning 2027 samt andra betydande dokument som definierar digitalisering inom sektorn för småbarnspedagogikens, förskoleundervisningens och den grundläggande utbildningens del. Digitaliseringen granskas genom sju delområden: förutsättningar för utveckling av digitaliseringen, digital kompetens, stöd för utveckling av digital infrastruktur, tjänster och interoperabilitet, informationshantering och kvalitet, dataskydd och datasäkerhet, lagstiftning och -tolkning gällande digitalisering samt forskning om digitalisering. Målen för digitaliseringen beskrivs i småbarnspedagogikens, förskoleundervisningens och den grundläggande utbildningens kontext. Då kan alla aktörer inom fostran och utbildning arbeta långsiktigt, förutseende och strategiskt för att förverkliga målbilden. Beskrivning av en nationellt definierad och gemensam målbild gör det möjligt att utforma konkreta åtgärder, vilket främjar utvecklingen av digitaliseringen inom sektorn mot den gemensamma målbilden

A comparative co-simulation analysis to improve the sustainability of cogeneration-based district multi-energy systems using photovoltaics, power-to-heat, and heat storage

For an extensive decarbonization of district multi-energy systems, efforts are needed that go beyond today\u27s cogeneration of heat and power in district multi-energy systems. The multitude of existing technical possibilities are confronted with a large variety of existing multi-energy system configurations. The variety impedes the development of universal decarbonization pathways. In order to tackle the decarbonization challenge in existing and distinct districts, this paper calculates a wide range of urban district configurations in an extensive co-simulation based on domain specific submodels. A district multi-energy system comprising a district heating network, a power grid, and cogeneration is simulated for two locations in Germany with locally captured weather data, and for a whole year with variable parameters to configure a power-to-heat operation, building insolation/refurbishment, rooftop photovoltaic orientation, future energy demand scenarios, and district sizes with a temporal resolution of 60 seconds, in total 3840 variants. The interdependencies and synergies between the electrical low-voltage distribution grid and the district heating network are analysed in terms of efficiency and compliance with network restrictions. Thus, important sector-specific simulations of the heat and the electricity sector are combined in a holistic district multi-energy system co-simulation. The clearly most important impact on emission reduction and fuel consumption is a low heat demand, which can be achieved through thermal refurbishment of buildings. Up to \SI{46}{\percent} reduction in $CO_2$ emissions are possible using the surplus electricity from photovoltaics for power-to-heat in combination with central heat storage in the district\u27s combined heat and power plant. Domestic hot water heated by district heating network in combination with power-to-heat conversion distributed in the district reduces the load on the distribution power grid. Even though the investigated measures already improve the sustainability significantly, providing the energy needed for the production of synthetic fuels remains the crucial challenge on the further path towards net-zero

A worldwide survey on incidence, management, and prognosis of oesophageal fistula formation following atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: the POTTER-AF study

AIMS Oesophageal fistula represents a rare but dreadful complication of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Data on its incidence, management, and outcome are sparse. METHODS AND RESULTS This international multicentre registry investigates the characteristics of oesophageal fistulae after treatment of atrial fibrillation by catheter ablation. A total of 553 729 catheter ablation procedures (radiofrequency: 62.9%, cryoballoon: 36.2%, other modalities: 0.9%) were performed, at 214 centres in 35 countries. In 78 centres 138 patients [0.025%, radiofrequency: 0.038%, cryoballoon: 0.0015% (P < 0.0001)] were diagnosed with an oesophageal fistula. Peri-procedural data were available for 118 patients (85.5%). Following catheter ablation, the median time to symptoms and the median time to diagnosis were 18 (7.75, 25; range: 0-60) days and 21 (15, 29.5; range: 2-63) days, respectively. The median time from symptom onset to oesophageal fistula diagnosis was 3 (1, 9; range: 0-42) days. The most common initial symptom was fever (59.3%). The diagnosis was established by chest computed tomography in 80.2% of patients. Oesophageal surgery was performed in 47.4% and direct endoscopic treatment in 19.8% and conservative treatment in 32.8% of patients. The overall mortality was 65.8%. Mortality following surgical (51.9%) or endoscopic treatment (56.5%) was significantly lower as compared to conservative management (89.5%) [odds ratio 7.463 (2.414, 23.072) P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION Oesophageal fistula after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is rare and occurs mostly with the use of radiofrequency energy rather than cryoenergy. Mortality without surgical or endoscopic intervention is exceedingly high

LSST Science Book, Version 2.0

A survey that can cover the sky in optical bands over wide fields to faint magnitudes with a fast cadence will enable many of the exciting science opportunities of the next decade. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will have an effective aperture of 6.7 meters and an imaging camera with field of view of 9.6 deg^2, and will be devoted to a ten-year imaging survey over 20,000 deg^2 south of +15 deg. Each pointing will be imaged 2000 times with fifteen second exposures in six broad bands from 0.35 to 1.1 microns, to a total point-source depth of r~27.5. The LSST Science Book describes the basic parameters of the LSST hardware, software, and observing plans. The book discusses educational and outreach opportunities, then goes on to describe a broad range of science that LSST will revolutionize: mapping the inner and outer Solar System, stellar populations in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, the structure of the Milky Way disk and halo and other objects in the Local Volume, transient and variable objects both at low and high redshift, and the properties of normal and active galaxies at low and high redshift. It then turns to far-field cosmological topics, exploring properties of supernovae to z~1, strong and weak lensing, the large-scale distribution of galaxies and baryon oscillations, and how these different probes may be combined to constrain cosmological models and the physics of dark energy.Comment: 596 pages. Also available at full resolution at http://www.lsst.org/lsst/sciboo

The guideline implementability research and application network (GIRAnet): an international collaborative to support knowledge exchange: study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Modifying the format and content of guidelines may facilitate their use and lead to improved quality of care. We reviewed the medical literature to identify features desired by different users and associated with guideline use to develop a framework of implementability and found that most guidelines do not contain these elements. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate implementability tools.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We are launching the Guideline Implementability Research and Application Network (GIRAnet) to enable the development and testing of implementability tools in three domains: Resource Implications, Implementation, and Evaluation. Partners include the Guidelines International Network (G-I-N) and its member guideline developers, implementers, and researchers. In phase one, international guidelines will be examined to identify and describe exemplar tools. Indication-specific and generic tools will populate a searchable repository. In phase two, qualitative analysis of cognitive interviews will be used to understand how developers can best integrate implementability tools in guidelines and how health professionals use them for interpreting and applying guidelines. In phase three, a small-scale pilot test will assess the impact of implementability tools based on quantitative analysis of chart-based behavioural outcomes and qualitative analysis of interviews with participants. The findings will be used to plan a more comprehensive future evaluation of implementability tools.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Infrastructure funding to establish GIRAnet will be leveraged with the in-kind contributions of collaborating national and international guideline developers to advance our knowledge of implementation practice and science. Needs assessment and evaluation of GIRAnet will provide a greater understanding of how to develop and sustain such knowledge-exchange networks. Ultimately, by facilitating use of guidelines, this research may lead to improved delivery and outcomes of patient care.</p

Mediterranean winter rainfall in phase with African monsoons during the past 1.36 million years

Mediterranean climates are characterized by strong seasonal contrasts between dry summers and wet winters. Changes in winter rainfall are critical for regional socioeconomic development, but are difficult to simulate accurately1 and reconstruct on Quaternary timescales. This is partly because regional hydroclimate records that cover multiple glacial–interglacial cycles2,3 with different orbital geometries, global ice volume and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are scarce. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of change and their persistence remain unexplored. Here we show that, over the past 1.36 million years, wet winters in the northcentral Mediterranean tend to occur with high contrasts in local, seasonal insolation and a vigorous African summer monsoon. Our proxy time series from Lake Ohrid on the Balkan Peninsula, together with a 784,000-year transient climate model hindcast, suggest that increased sea surface temperatures amplify local cyclone development and refuel North Atlantic low-pressure systems that enter the Mediterranean during phases of low continental ice volume and high concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. A comparison with modern reanalysis data shows that current drivers of the amount of rainfall in the Mediterranean share some similarities to those that drive the reconstructed increases in precipitation. Our data cover multiple insolation maxima and are therefore an important benchmark for testing climate model performance