75 research outputs found
Szpiczak plazmocytowy wysokiego ryzyka
Multiple myeloma is a very heterogeneous disease. Though distinctive, several subgroups of the disease have been identified basing on pathological and clinical features. It is generally accepted that high risk myeloma could be defined as a subtype of disease leading to death within 24 months. Many prognostic parameters help to identify high risk myeloma including age, renal insufficiency, comorbities, proliferation activity and genetic abnormalities. Basing on selective prognostic factors, some risk stratification and risk adapted therapies were proposed by European and American study groups, but the results of therapy are still unsatisfactory. It is suggested that patients with high risk myeloma should probably benefit from dose-dense and prolonged therapy including novel drugs being in the clinical trials
Myeloma multiplex - new targets of treatment
Szpiczak mnogi (plazmocytowy) jest chorobą polegająca na proliferacji atypowych plazmocytów. Bardzo
istotną rolę w progresji szpiczaka odgrywa mikrośrodowisko szpiku i kontakt komórek szpiczakowych
z komórkami śródbłonka naczyń. Angiogeneza jest objawem patomorfologicznym procesu nowotworowego,
a podścielisko szpiku kostnego tworzy warunki sprzyjające proliferacji komórek szpiczakowych,
zapobiegając apoptozie oraz utrudniając dostęp leków cytostatycznych.Myeloma multiplex (plazmocytoma) is determinated by proliferation of atypical plasma cells. Microenvironment
of bone marrow and contact of myeloma and endothelial cells play an important role in myeloma
progression. Angiogenesis is a pathomofphological symptom of cancerogenesis and bone marrow stroma
promotes proliferation of myeloma cells, prevents their apoptosis and impedes cytostatics acces
Angiogenesis and antiangiogenic treatment in plazmocytoma
Angiogeneza odgrywa kluczową rolę w karcynogenezie i jest stałym objawem patomorfologicznym szpiczaka
mnogiego. W leczeniu szpiczaka znajdują więc zastosowanie leki o działaniu antyangiogennym.
Także przeciwciała monoklonalne są istotnym elementem terapii. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się ogromne
zainteresowanie terapią antyangiogenną. W badaniach klinicznych różnych faz znajduje się bardzo dużo
nowych cząsteczek ukierunkowanych na hamowanie angiogenezy. Wiele wskazuje na to, ze terapia antyangiogenna
w przyszłości przyczyni się do poprawy wyników leczenia nowotworów, w tym szpiczaka
mnogiego.Angiogenesis plays a key role in carcinogenesis and it is a stabile pathomorphologic symptom of plasmocytoma.
Consequently antiangogenic agents are succesfully introduced to plasmocytoma therapy as
well as monoclonal antibodies.
Recently a great interest has been observed in antiangiogenic therapy. In clinical studies of various phase
there are many molecules targeted on angiogenesis inhibition. Numerous facts indicate that antiangiogenic
therapy will improve cancer treatment outcomes in future
Postępy w diagnostyce i leczeniu szpiczaka plazmocytowego
Plasmocytoma (multiple myeloma) is characterised by monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells which are
producing monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein). Plasma cell tumor occurrence gives it the second
place among hematological tumors. The disease develops in many stages. In the first stage the cells B
becomes immortal due to chromosomes translocation in the immunoglobuline heavy chain locus. The
time from the first incident to symptomatic disease lasts long and takes 20-30 years, so the average age
of multiple myeloma detection is 65.
The most important risk factors are the levels of beta2 microglobulines and albumines, on which the
prognostic classification is based.Szpiczak plazmocytowy jest wieloetapowo przebiegającą chorobą cechującą się rozrostem monoklonalnych
plazmocytów. Celem przedstawionej pracy jest przegląd najnowszych trendów w jego leczeniu. Autorzy
przedstawili osiągnięcia terapeutyczne związane z zastosowaniem autologicznego przeszczepu komórek
macierzystych, następowej chemioterapii oraz nowych leków o wielokierunkowym działaniu wpływających
na procesy apoptozy i angiogenezy, takich jak talidomid i jego analogi oraz inhibitor proteasomu,
bortezomib w świetle najnowszych badań klinicznych
Leki immunomodulujące – przełom w leczeniu nowotworów hematologicznych
Introduction of new drugs into therapy of multiple myeloma prolonged significantly progression free survival and overall survival of patients. Taking into account pleiotropic effects of these drugs it was shown that immunomodulatory drugs are very effective in other haematological malignancies such as lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemias or chronic myeloproliferative diseases
Treatment of patients with multiple myeloma not candidates to autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT)
Multiple myeloma is still incurable disease, despite significant advances made in therapy during last 10–14 years. The improvement of survival rate is mainly observed in younger patients but not in older. Thus the major problem is to improve survival of older patients
Rola PF4 (chemokiny CXCL4) w powstawaniu skrzepu
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is released from platelet α granules during activation process. It takes part in clot formation. Physiological concentration of PF4 is essential not only for thrombus formation but also for the anticoagulant potency of heparin. This review is based on experiments performed by one of coauthors.Czynnik płytkowy 4 (PF4) uwalniany jest z ziarnistości α krwinek plytkowych podczas ich aktywacji. Uczestniczy w powstawaniu skrzepu. Prawidłowe stężenie PF4 warunkuje nie tylko efektywność procesów krzepnięcia krwi, ale również skuteczność terapeutycznych dawek heparyny. Praca niniejsza opiera się w dużej mierze na pracach doświadczalnych jednej z współautorek
Imatinib therapy of Ph positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – 2 case reports
AimThe aim of this works is the presentation of two cases of relapsed Ph positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) to which the tyrosine inhibitor Imatinib (Glivec, Novartis) was applied. This therapy was earlier shown to be very helpful in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.Case discriptionCase 1: A 17 year old patient with Ph positive T-ALL relapsed after allogenic transplantation of marrow and was treated with Imatinib in escalating doses from 200 to 600 mg per day. After 4 weeks of treatment the blastosis in the marrow had fallen from 96% to 7%. Blasts disappeared from the cerebrospinal fluid. At the same time, progression of hepatic and renal failure related to GVHD was observed. Imatinib withdrawal resulted in relapse, uncontrolled proliferation and the death of the patient.ResultsCase 2: Imatinib was used in the case of a 45 year old patient with Ph positive null-ALL and a mediastinal tumour. After autologous bone marrow transplantation, Imatinib therapy was begun for maintenance.. Daily doses of the drug amounted to only 200 mg owing to associated gastric complaints. After two months of therapy, an increase in blast cells in the bone marrow to 18% was noted. FLAM chemotherapy was given and complete haematological remission was achieved.ConclusionsThe cases described illustrate new possibilities in the treatment of Ph positive ALL. It is necessary, however, to conduct clinical trials in larger group of patients for the purposes of establishing optimal dosing, the most suitable phase of the disease in which to begin therapy and possible combinations with chemotherapy
The activity of human telomerase in the cells of acute leukaemias
Telomeres are the end fragments of chromosomes formed by a number of
non-coding double-stranded TTAGGG repeats in vertebrates. During cell division
the number of repeats decreases, leading to cell senescence or apoptosis.
In immortal cells, including cancer cells, the telomere length is stable and maintained
by, among other factors, telomerase. The aim of the study is to compare
telomerase activity in normal lymphocytes and in leukaemic cells. Samples
of acute leukaemia cells, HL 60 cell line and the lymphocytes of healthy
volunteers were examined. Telomerase analysis was performed using TeloTAGGG
Telomerase PCR ELISAplus (Roche). The relative telomerase activities (RTA)
in leukaemic and normal cells were analysed. A high level of RTA was observed
in leukaemic cells
Metronomic therapy in haematooncology: hopes and facts
In this article we have reviewed present publications concerning metronomic therapy. In contrast to standard chemotherapy, metronomic chemotherapy is characterized by the administration of cytotoxic agents at a much lower dose given at regular, but more frequent time intervals. This mode of administration may have different mechanisms of action but first of all it is thought to inhibit tumour angiogenesis. In this article, main mechanisms of action of metronomic therapy, indications to this therapy in solid tumours and haematological malignancies are described
- …