kemampuan siswa menerapkan konsep trigonometri dalam menyelesaikan masalah fisika di SMA sekota Banda Aceh

Banda Ace

Interaction of Iron Homeostasis and Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Development of Glucose Intolerance in Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

A gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis during pregnancy means an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. By following up with women after GDM we aimed to examine the relationship between iron parameters, individual fatty acids (FAs) and desaturases in the development of impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). Based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), six years after GDM, 157 women were grouped as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or IGM. Fasting serum FAs, activity of desaturases and iron parameters (ferritin, transferrin, iron, soluble transferrin receptor, total iron binding capacity, hepcidin) were measured, and clinical and anthropometric measurements taken. Soluble transferrin receptor was higher in the IGM group compared to the NGT group (3.87 vs. 3.29 mg/L, p-value = 0.023) and associated positively with saturated FAs and negatively with monounsaturated FAs in the IGM group (adjusted for BMI, age and high sensitivity C-reactive protein; p-value < 0.05). Iron, as well as transferrin saturation, showed a positive association with MUFAs and desaturase activity. These associations were not seen in the NGT group. These results suggest that iron homeostasis and FA metabolism interact in the development of glucose intolerance in women with previous GDM

Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes

Abstract: Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increasedrisk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D).We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT)and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 womenwere grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT testresults. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intakedetermined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared withIGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independentlyof BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucoselevels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT,and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes,low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences inother FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid areof particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAsregulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolis

Swedish free school companies going global: Spatial imaginaries and movable pedagogical ideas

Enabled by market-oriented policies implemented in the early 1990s, a nation-wide for-profit education industry has emerged and flourished in Sweden. As a more recent expansion strategy, Swedish school companies have begun exporting their school and early childhood education and care services internationally. In this article, three such companies and a selection of the foreign operations they have set up are studied to analyse how they describe the education services they are establishing in the new national settings. The findings show that the companies have developed and followed different edu-business models, using and transforming particular pedagogical ideas and connecting them to different spatial imaginaries. These include the Swedish/Scandinavian as both places and idealized spaces, infused with borderless global transformative spatial imaginaries on the creation of autonomous learners and futuristic education visions for global futures. Educational profiles and concepts from the Swedish context are both adjusted and marketed to the foreign settings, and entail stories on spaces and mobilities, encompassing pedagogy, teachers and students. </p

The academic–vocational divide in three Nordic countries: implications for social class and gender

In this study we examine how the academic–vocational divide is manifested today in Finland, Iceland and Sweden in the division between vocationally (VET) and academicallyoriented programmes at the upper-secondary school level. The paper is based on a critical re-analysis of results from previous studies; in it we investigate the implications of this divide for class and gender inequalities. The theoretical lens used for the synthesis is based on Bernstein´s theory of pedagogic codes. In the re-analysis we draw on previous studies of policy, curriculum and educational praxis as well as official statistics. The main conclusions are that contemporary policy and curriculum trends in all three countries are dominated by a neo-liberal discourse stressing principles such as “market relevance” and employability. This trend strengthens the academic–vocational divide, mainly through an organisation of knowledge in VET that separates it from more general and theoretical elements. This trend also seems to affect VET students’ transitions in terms of reduced access to higher education, particularly in male-dominated programmes. We also identify low expectations for VET students, manifested through choice of textbooks and tasks, organisation of teacher teams and the advice of career counsellors.</p

Improved clinical investigation and evaluation of high-risk medical devices: the rationale and objectives of CORE-MD (Coordinating Research and Evidence for Medical Devices)

: In the European Union (EU) the delivery of health services is a national responsibility but there are concerted actions between member states to protect public health. Approval of pharmaceutical products is the responsibility of the European Medicines Agency, whereas authorizing the placing on the market of medical devices is decentralized to independent 'conformity assessment' organizations called notified bodies. The first legal basis for an EU system of evaluating medical devices and approving their market access was the medical device directives, from the 1990s. Uncertainties about clinical evidence requirements, among other reasons, led to the EU Medical Device Regulation (2017/745) that has applied since May 2021. It provides general principles for clinical investigations but few methodological details-which challenges responsible authorities to set appropriate balances between regulation and innovation, pre- and post-market studies, and clinical trials and real-world evidence. Scientific experts should advise on methods and standards for assessing and approving new high-risk devices, and safety, efficacy, and transparency of evidence should be paramount. The European Commission recently awarded a Horizon 2020 grant to a consortium led by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, that will review methodologies of clinical investigations, advise on study designs, and develop recommendations for aggregating clinical data from registries and other real-world sources. The CORE-MD project (Coordinating Research and Evidence for Medical Devices) will run until March 2024; here we describe how it may contribute to the development of regulatory science in Europe

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Relationer i skolan : en studie av feminiteter och maskuliniteter i år 9

This thesis aims to explore the range of femininities and masculinities that emerge among pupils in school. It also aims to examine local variations in gender pattern in two secondary school classes. For the project, gender is seen as a social construction and humans as actively doing gender. R.W. Connell’s theoretical framework, which argues that school is both an institutional agent of the formation processes and the setting where they take place, is used. The theory implies that there are multiple definitions of masculinities and femininities that are constructed in relation to each other in a hierarchical order. Connell identifies the positions as hegemonic/emphasized, participating and subordinated, arguing that they emerge as more or less dominant in different contexts and indicate the simultaneous existence of various local gender regimes. The empirical data presented are derived from classroom observations and interviews with 42 pupils in two 9th grade classes in two different schools in Sweden. One school is located in a rural community, the other in a town. The classroom observations focused on the daily teacher-pupil and pupil-pupil interactions. The interviews focused on the participants’ general conceptions of boys and girls as well as the individuals’ experiences of daily life in school. In addition, questions about popularity norms were asked. The results show that gender construction processes are fluid and flexible. Depending on contexts, situations and persons involved, boys and girls adopt different positions of masculinity and femininity in the gender hierarchy. These positions also vary between discourses and practices related to the various gender regimes. The regime in the rural class is supported by a sporty agenda, while the regime in the other class is related to intersections between gender and ethnicity. Whereas previous research often shows pupils’ positions in school to be closely related to their informal homosocial networks, this study shows that girls and boys also gain from associating in cross gender-networks. The thesis discusses how these relationships can be seen as both challenging the gender order and establishing it. The results also show how teachers in various ways might be seen as co-constructors of pupil gender identities in school. The analysis of the pupils’ definitions of popular and valued forms of femininity and masculinity implicates a strong and confident individual, successful in both social relations and study attainment. This indicates that there is pressure on both boys and girls to broaden their gender repertoires. At the same time, pupils of both genders tend to glorify domains considered male and belittle those connected with females. This indicates a masculinising tendency in school. The thesis also shows that success stories told by structurally subordinated groups come at a cost. To succeed and gain a high position in school seem to imply that you need to adapt to the norms of the dominating group and, at the same time, distance yourself from your “own” group. What might appear to challenge traditional gender and ethnic stereotypes, however, is connected to a glorification of Swedish, male, middleclass activities and relations