124 research outputs found
Waiting and Rejection: An Organizational Perspective
Time spent waiting is frequently regarded as time wasted, and therefore as something to be avoided or at least minimized. In this article, however, waiting is viewed from an organizational perspective: delay and waiting are seen as integral to the strategic functioning of organizations, and to their handling of individual requests. Various kinds of waiting or intended organizational delays are described in terms of their contribution to `cooling out'. Waiting as cooling out means that waiting pacifies those frustrated (or possibly frustrated) by the organization. The analysis also addresses various manifestations of the social dialogue between the organization and the rejected, including those cases where waiting does not have a cooling out effect
The forest as a taskscape: seeing through the good forest ownerâs eyes
This article is a reanalysis of interviews conducted in 2006 and 2009 with forest owners and their families. It gives a complementary interpretation of the forest ownersâ decisions to replant spruce despite strong criticism from the public and from experts. The intervieweesâ visual conception of the forest landscape and how they relate to it through their forestry practices is analysed. The results show that the forest owners prefer landscapes that are clean and tidy, showing characteristics indicative of forestry skills. At the same time they remain sensitive to the existence of other value systems among the public. The forest ownersâ way of looking at the forest was characterized by the fact that they worked with the landscape; for them the forest is not only a symbolic project linked to identity, but also a taskscape, an imprint of performed work. In the discussion, the forest ownersâ aesthetic value system is discussed and a supplementary answer is given to why forest owners refused to heed warnings about the replanting of spruce, a question that earlier studies generally attributed to forest ownersâ wish to avoid short-term economic risks
âSoon thereâll be a society for every bit of the intestineâ: The complexities of positioning disability in Sweden today.
This article addresses the issue of the dual situation in which disabled people find themselves in modern society. On the one hand, people are increasingly grouped according to ever more precise labels. The political system demands this emblematic organisation. The article discusses the growth in the number of new, high-profile organisations and how this relates to the political system in which such organisations are needed as âdialogue partnersâ. On the other hand, naturally one finds that in different social contexts there is some opposition to categorisation and labelling. The strong profiling and articulation of disability are thus factors at the political level This article addresses in the first instance the new, politically distinct mode of labelling. However, there is also a discussion of the way in which individualsâ articulated descriptions of their own disabilities demand a response at levels other than the political
The life of young working class mothers in Sweden
Which are the features marking modern motherhood? Our attempts to answer this are based on an investigation among young working-class mothers. Our focus is norms pertaining to the relation between mother and child. Some of these seem distinctly subcultural working-class norms, while others are supposed to be more general. However, norms here presented are held to be the marks of young families, in contrast to older ones. According to these norms children should be in the focus of spending, of demands and of mothers' attention, briefly, in the "psychological center" of mothers. In spite of--or rather because of--this, mothers make conscious attempts to maintain a boundary against their children's becoming the be-all and end-all of their mothers' lives. To working-class mothers this consists primarily infixing a boundary in a physical sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
Gender imbalance in a university hierarchy: can stimulus from outside prompt change?
Abstract in UndeterminedThe article draws on the reports by 12 guest professors - all women - who participated in an EU-financed pedagogical project within a Swedish university's postgraduate studies course, the purpose of which was to address equal opportunities in academia. It has been established that women with doctoral degrees are not being absorbed into the research community. The purpose of the project was to persuade more women postgraduate students to consider university research as a possible future career on finishing their postgraduate studies. The article focuses on the question of whether guest professors, in their capacity as outsiders, observe significant factors in postgraduate students' circumstances that elude departmental staff. Can these observations provide knowledge that might persuade more women to continue in research? Can guest professors provide postgraduate students with experiences and lessons that are not readily available from departmental staff? The analysis of the professors' reports indicates that such is the case
Recension: TeckensprÄkiga döva. IdentitetsförÀndringar i det svenska dövsamhÀllet.
Omdöme âTeckensprĂ„kiga dövaâ Ă€r en rik avhandling. Den innehĂ„ller spĂ€nnande och djuplodande empiriskt material. FredĂ€ng tĂ€cker samtidigt in ett stort fĂ€lt frĂ„n individnivĂ„ med familj och skola till lokalföreningar och riksorganisation och till hur samhĂ€llet stĂ€ller sig i olika frĂ„gor. Det Ă€r sannolikt att de sociala typer som PĂ€ivi FredĂ€ng tar upp, om hur döva ser pĂ„ sig sjĂ€lva och sin dövhet liksom olika bilder av dövkultur pĂ„ organisationsnivĂ„ stĂ€mmer. Samtidigt finn's det en fara som inte gĂ€ller enbart FredĂ€ng's avhandling utan Ă€ven i mĂ„nga andra sammanhang. NĂ€r identitetsarbete bland skilda grupper blir ett faktum Ă€r det högst naturligt att dessa processer beskrive's. I sitt identitetsarbete försöker tidigare förtryckta grupper skapa en nĂ„gorlunda enhetlig kulturell framtoning. Man mĂ„ste ena's om vilka frĂ„gor som Ă€r viktiga. Det blir dĂ„ lĂ€tt sĂ„ Ă€ven den beskrivande forskaren att det som spretar ut, det som inte passar in, det som inte stĂ€mmer, vĂ€lj's bort. För det Ă€r ju inte det som skall beskriva's. DĂ€rför tog jag i min opposition upp vissa synpunkter pĂ„ urvalet. Författaren hade valt bort vissa döva, bl a de som kallade's âisolerade dövaâ. Vidare resonerade FredĂ€ng kring nĂ„gra döva som var ovilliga att delta. Det var i första hand Ă€ldre mĂ€n som arbetade i hörande miljö. Den förklaring som FredĂ€ng ger till dera's vĂ€gran Ă€r att denna grupp âprĂ€gla's av obenĂ€genhet att kasta sig in i nĂ„got man inte kĂ€nner till, rĂ€dsla om missförstĂ„nd eller att man inte förstĂ„tt den skriftliga informationenâ. Som lĂ€sare blir man naturligtvi's förvĂ„nad att just de Ă€ldre mĂ€n i hörande miljö skulle vara de som var rĂ€dda att kasta sig in i nĂ„got dĂ„ som innebĂ€r att bli intervjuade. Det hade varit mycket intressant att nĂ€rmare fĂ„ reda pĂ„ skĂ€len till att man vĂ€grar. Eller skĂ€len till att isolerade döva inte uppfyller de kriterier som FredĂ€ng stĂ€llt upp för att ingĂ„ i gruppen. Jag urskiljer en sĂ„dan homogeniseringstenden's Ă€ven nĂ€r det gĂ€ller tolkningen av intervjuerna. En av intervjupersonerna beskriv's som nullifierande. Beteckningen nullifierande refererar till en psykisk försvarsmekanism för att skydda den personliga identiteten; genom att distansera frĂ„n andra och tillintetgöra andra's betydelse bekrĂ€ftar individen sin identitet. De citat som ge's frĂ„n intervjun med den enda person som Ă€r nullifierande Ă€r âdet Ă€r trevligare att prata med hörande Ă€n med döva. Döva tjatar om samma sak. Inget nytt förstĂ„r du. Vi har inga gemensamma intressen. Döva vill bara sporta. För mig Ă€r det helt likgiltigt.â I en annan del av samma intervju: âFör mig Ă€r det sĂ„ att utan planerade mĂ„l Ă€r jag fri. Det betyder att jag kan vĂ€lja olika saker hela tiden. Att ha mĂ„l betyder att det Ă€r tungt och jag mĂ„ste anpassa mig, förstĂ„r du. Jag vill kĂ€nna mig fri.â Det Ă€r den nullifierande Ander's som ville kĂ€nna sig fri och som tyckte att döv bara ville sporta. Jag ser inte detta som att han âtillintetgör andra's betydelseâ. Vid disputationen menade FredĂ€ng att om man sĂ„g intervjun som helhet blev bilden mer dyster. Misskrediteringar? PĂ€ivi FredĂ€ng har dock i stort varit kĂ€nslig i sina tolkningar av intervjuerna. Hon tar upp spĂ€nnande saker som âförklarad gemenskapâ som en misskreditering. Förklarad gemenskap innebĂ€r att en döv befinner sig bland hörande och hörande fĂ„r förklara t ex vad de skrattar Ă„t, vad som Ă€r poĂ€ngen i historien osv. Den döva tar del i gemenskapen i efterhand. Förklarad gemenskap kan uppleva's som utanförskap och misskĂ€nnande. Ett annat exempel som FredĂ€ng nĂ€mner Ă€r partikularisering. Partikularisering innebĂ€r att en individ ur den nedvĂ€rderade gruppen framstĂ„r som sĂ€rskilt duktig. FörvĂ„nade kommentarer frĂ„n hörande som, âatt du kan köra bil sĂ„ bra fast du Ă€r döv, att du kan dansa sĂ„ bra fast du Ă€r dövâ Ă€r partikularisering. Ăven detta upplevde's som ett kommunikativt misskĂ€nnande. Jag sĂ„g detta som kĂ€nsligt urskiljande av sĂ„dant som var vĂ€l menat frĂ„n omgivningen's sida men som uppfattade's negativt av den döve/döva. Vid disputationen framhöll emellertid FredĂ€ng att det var inte all's sĂ„ att alla upplevde förklarad gemenskap eller partikularisering som misskĂ€nnande. Vissa av de intervjuade sĂ„g det snarare som positiv kommunikation frĂ„n omgivningen's sida. I avhandlingen Ă€r dock detta exempel pĂ„ misskĂ€nnanden. De som upplever förklarad gemenskap och partikularisering som positiva beteenden frĂ„n omgivningen's sida finn's tyvĂ€rr inte med i avhandlingen. I stort finner jag ho's PĂ€ivi FredĂ€ng en vilja av att ta med de oliktĂ€nkande och konflikterna mm. Det Ă€r dock inte lĂ€tt nĂ€r man skall framstĂ€lla en bild av ett skeende - och en nĂ„gorlunda enhetlig sĂ„dan - att vara sĂ€rskilt uppmĂ€rksam mot det som inte stĂ€mmer in. Det blir snarare naturligt i forskningsprocessen att man anvĂ€nder kriterier för det som kan skala's bort. Detsamma gĂ€ller tolkningen av materialet. Det blir lĂ€tt sĂ„ att man tar in vissa oliktĂ€nkande och vissa variationer. Ăven öppenheten tenderar att bli selektiv. Samtidigt blir det bortsorterade konfunderande. Vilka vĂ€grar att stĂ€lla upp? Eller varför beskriv's som nĂ„gon social typ â hĂ€r den nullifierande â som sĂ„ tragisk? Avhandlingen Ă€r mycket gedigen. Den Ă€r intressant och spĂ€nnande att lĂ€sa. Det Ă€r ett stort referensmaterial som PĂ€ivi FredĂ€ng har gĂ„tt igenom och henne's empiriska material vidgar sĂ€kert vyerna. Vad jag vill framföra i denna recension Ă€r dock behovet av en allmĂ€n uppmĂ€rksamhet dĂ„ grupper's identitetsarbete beskriv's. Att kanske sĂ€rskilt ta fasta pĂ„ de konfunderande? Kan det vara ett tecken pĂ„ nĂ„got som inte stĂ€mmer med hĂ€nsyn till vad som beskrive's
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