The Skills Framework at key stage 2: an evaluation of the impact of the non-statutory Sskills framework for 3 to 19-year-olds in Wales at key stage 2

1 The non-statutory Skills framework for 3 to 19-year-olds in Wales provides guidance on developing pupils’ skills in thinking, communication, ICT and number. The Skills framework is designed to underpin the National Curriculum Subject Orders and teaching and learning in all subject areas. 2 The Skills framework is not used well for planning progression in pupils’ skills. Few schools use the Skills framework as a starting point for planning their work. Most schools use the National Curriculum Subject Orders to plan schemes of work first and then identify opportunities for developing pupils’ skills afterwards. As a result, few schools are planning a ‘skills-based’ curriculum consisting of progressively more complex activities designed to develop pupils’ thinking, communication, ICT and number skills. 3 Although the Skills framework has increased teachers’ awareness of the importance of improving pupils’ skills, too often teachers plan the curriculum as separate subjects, without giving enough attention to how subjects, such as history or geography, provide a context for the development of literacy, numeracy and other skills. These skills do not form the core organising elements or backbone of teachers’ schemes of work. Consequently, there are not enough opportunities for pupils to use and develop their number, reading and extended writing skills across all of the curriculum. 4 Assessing or tracking pupils’ progress in skills is one of the weakest aspects of the schools visited. Teachers are not aware of pupils’ prio

Attitudes toward old people and beliefs about aging: A generational study

Attitudes toward the elderly were examined in three generations through analysis of media use, gender, contact with elderly, age, factual knowledge about aging, and parental influence on attitude formation. The results revealed that age, factual knowledge, perceived ageism in mass media and parental influence were significantly related to attitude toward the elderly

Experiences of Early-Career Educators\u27 Preparedness to Identify and Address Substance Abuse Behaviors and Academic Success in the Classroom: A Phenomenological Study

This transcendental phenomenological study aimed to describe the experiences of preparedness of early-career teachers (i.e., teachers in their first five years in the profession) who have dealt with student addiction behaviors and academic decline in the classroom within several Northeast Pennsylvania public school districts. Mezirow’s transformational learning theory guided this study as it addressed how adults interpret and make meaning through life experiences. The central research question guiding this study was: How do early-career teachers describe their experiences dealing with student addiction behaviors in the classroom while preserving their academic success? Fifteen early-career teachers in the public school system (grades 6-12) provided input through three data collection methods: an open-ended individual interview, journal prompts, and a focus group. Several major themes emerged during data analysis: Teachers\u27 feelings of preparedness and teaching experience, teacher preparedness for classroom necessities, teacher support/resources, and teacher preparedness and collaborative pursuits. These themes confirm that teachers’ experiences with substance abuse students could benefit other unprepared teachers to successfully incorporate specific strategies into the classrooms and confirm the need for additional research in this area of education. Data were analyzed using steps outlined by Moustakas and included; epoché, transcendental-phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation, and essence development

Sixth-Grade Map and Globe Skills Curriculum

There has been much concern recently about the lack of basic map and globe skills among America\u27s youth. Map and globe skills are a basic tool of social studies used throughout the rest of students\u27 academic, professional and personal lives. These skills incorporate the development of problem-solving and critical thinking skills. The focus of this project was to develop a map and globe skills curriculum for teaching these skills to sixth-graders in Putnam County, Florida, when they first encounter daily social studies classes

Kinetics of substrate oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (LC) type and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (LC) type is a pathogen of goats causing contagious agalactia and respiratory disease, found on all continents where small ruminants are kept. It shares close genetic characteristics with M. mycoides subsp. capri. Substrate oxidation by 22 strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC from nine countries was compared with that of eight strains of M. mycoides subsp. capri from five countries. There was considerable similarity in the substrates used, but substrate saturation coefficients (Ks) varied for different substrates. Substrate utilization patterns and Ks values did not (1) significantly differentiate the LC strains from each other, (2) show any correlation with geographical origin, or (3) distinguish the LC strains from the capri strains. These results support previous studies justifying the reclassification of these subspecies as a single species

Leisa Ann Arnett and Cynthia Jean Miles in a Joint Senior Composition Recital

This is the program for the senior composition recital of Leisa Ann Arnett and Cynthia Jean Miles. Trumpet players Cameron Hedrick, Mike Spraggins, and Kristi Hart, and horn players Christi Watts, Ki Peppers, and Cynthia Miles; pianist Cindy Burks; mezzo-soprano Kristi Pettit, flutist Christine Carter; and tympani player Keith Mayfield and the OBU Ensemble conducted by David O. DeArmond assisted Miles. Pianist Jonathan Gary and flutist Julia Legge; tenor Keith Percefull; and organist Russell Hodges assisted Arnett. This recital took place on April 14, 1992, in the Mabee Fine Arts Center Recital Hall

Internal structure of a Himalayan debris-covered glacier revealed by borehole optical televiewing

Characterising the structures within glaciers can give unique insight into ice motion processes. On debris-covered glaciers, traditional structural glaciological mapping is challenging because the lower glacier is hidden by the supraglacial debris layer. Here, we use high-resolution optical televiewer (OPTV) image logs from four boreholes drilled into Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, to overcome this limitation and investigate englacial structural features within a Himalayan debris-covered glacier. The OPTV logs show structural features that are up to an order of magnitude thinner than those observed at the glacier surface and reveal five structural units: (I) primary stratification of ice; (II) debris-rich planes that conform with the primary stratification; (III) water-healed crevasse traces; (IV) healed crevasse traces; and (V) steeply dipping planes of basally derived fine sediment near the glacier terminus. The OPTV logs also reveal that the primary stratification both decreases in dip with depth (by up to 56° over 20 m) and rotates with depth (by up to 100° over 20 m) towards parallelism with the proximal lateral moraine. This transformation and the presence of relict layers of basally derived sediment raised into an englacial position - possibly involving thrusting - near the glacier's now stagnant terminus reveal a previously more dynamic glacier regime

Development of a Questionnaire for Use in Extension Program Planning

Family Relations and Child Developmen

Instruments and Methods:hot-water borehole drilling at a high-elevation debris-covered glacier

While hot-water drilling is a well-established technique used to access the subsurface of ice masses, drilling into high-elevation (≳ 4000 m a.s.l.) debris-covered glaciers faces specific challenges. First, restricted transport capacity limits individual equipment items to a volume and mass that can be slung by small helicopters. Second, low atmospheric oxygen and pressure reduces the effectiveness of combustion, limiting a system's ability to pump and heat water. Third, thick supraglacial debris, which is both highly uneven and unstable, inhibits direct access to the ice surface, hinders the manoeuvring of equipment and limits secure sites for equipment placement. Fourth, englacial debris can slow the drilling rate such that continued drilling becomes impracticable and/or boreholes deviate substantially from vertical. Because of these challenges, field-based englacial and subglacial data required to calibrate numerical models of high-elevation debris-covered glaciers are scarce or absent. Here, we summarise our experiences of hot-water drilling over two field seasons (2017–2018) at the debris-covered Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, where we melted 27 boreholes up to 192 m length, at elevations between 4900 and 5200 m a.s.l. We describe the drilling equipment and operation, evaluate the effectiveness of our approach and suggest equipment and methodological adaptations for future use