RNA-dependent association with myosin IIA promotes F-actin-guided trafficking of the ELAV-like protein HuR to polysomes

The role of the mRNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) in stabilization and translation of AU-rich elements (ARE) containing mRNAs is well established. However, the trafficking of HuR and bound mRNA cargo, which comprises a fundamental requirement for the aforementioned HuR functions is only poorly understood. By administering different cytoskeletal inhibitors, we found that the protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)-triggered accumulation of cytoplasmic HuR by Angiotensin II (AngII) is an actin-myosin driven process functionally relevant for stabilization of ARE-bearing mRNAs. Furthermore, we show that the AngII-induced recruitment of HuR and its bound mRNA from ribonucleoprotein particles to free and cytoskeleton bound polysomes strongly depended on an intact actomyosin cytoskeleton. In addition, HuR allocation to free and cytoskeletal bound polysomes is highly sensitive toward RNase and PPtase and structurally depends on serine 318 (S318) located within the C-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM3). Conversely, the trafficking of the phosphomimetic HuRS318D, mimicking HuR phosphorylation at S318 by the PKCδ remained PPtase resistant. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments with truncated HuR proteins revealed that the stimulus-induced association of HuR with myosin IIA is strictly RNA dependent and mediated via the RRM3. Our data implicate a microfilament dependent transport of HuR, which is relevant for stimulus-induced targeting of ARE-bearing mRNAs from translational inactive ribonucleoprotein particles to polysomes

Helping or Hindering? How Clients’ Experiences Relate to Their Robo Advisory Use

Firms are increasingly introducing new business models based on digital technologies in knowledge-intensive, risky contexts that were long immune to them. In the financial industry, banks are opening themselves to robo advisory, an algorithm-based service supporting private clients’ investment decisions. Based on our access to a recent data set of 11,302 clients from a leading German robo advisory provider, we have the unique opportunity to analyze how clients react to algorithm-based services in contexts with high uncertainty and risk. Guided by theorical foundations of knowledge and routines, we find clients’ personal and business experiences with the focal bank to both, help and hinder their robo advisory use

Rentabilität vegetabiler Düngemittel im ökologischen Gemüsebau am Beispiel eines süddeutschen Gemischtbetriebes

For a given organic farm with livestock and vegetable production in Southern Germany the economic viability of on farm produced legume seed meal as Plant Based Organic Fertiliser (PBOF) is analysed by means of a Linear Programming (LP) model in order to asses under which conditions such a fertiliser use may be profitable. Yields, labour demand and gross margins of the different farming activities are taken from data collections and adapted based on information provided by the farmer, whose specific crop rotation, labour and stable restrictions are also implemented in the LP model. Nitrogen supplies and demands of the different farming activities are drawn from data collections and information by plant scientists. Our calculations show that legume seed meal as PBOF is profitable in case that cheap purchasable organic nitrogen fertilisers are not available. In future, further model calculations shall show whether this result also holds for other farming and site conditions than those underlying the quite specific conditions of our model farm

Seasonal Differences in the Attenuation of Polar Trace Organics in the Hyporheic Zone of an Urban Stream

Attenuation of trace organic compounds (TrOCs) in a river occurs to a large extent in its hyporheic zone. A major part of the attenuation of polar TrOCs is of microbial origin. As microbial activity depends on temperature and redox conditions, seasonal differences in TrOC attenuation are likely. We investigated TrOC attenuation at a river influenced by treated wastewater during two sampling campaigns, one in summer and one in winter. In addition to redox conditions and temperature, we also determined residence times of porewater in sediment using three methods: (a) non‐parametric deconvolution of electrical conductivity time series, (b) the model VFLUX 2.0 based on temperature time series (only summer), and (c) applying Darcy's law to differences in hydraulic heads (only summer). Contrary to our expectations, we found higher attenuation for 12 out of 18 TrOCs in winter, while three TrOCs were better attenuated in summer. Sediment conditions varied between seasons as more of the top sandy layer with a higher hydraulic permeability accumulated on the river bed in summer. As a result, residence times in the sediment were shorter in summer. In winter, longer residence times, lower temperatures, and a steeper oxygen gradient in sediment coincided with higher TrOC attenuation. Further research is needed to understand our unexpected findings and underlying mechanisms.Key Points The attenuation of 12 out of 18 trace organic compounds (TrOCs) in the hyporheic zone was higher in winter while three TrOCs were attenuated better in summer Residence times in sediment were longer and more diverse in winter The extent of the oxic sediment was similar between seasons but the gradient from the oxic to anoxic zone was steeper in winterDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Actions (MSCA) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665University of Western Australia ‐ University Postgraduate AwardAustralian Government Research Training Program ScholarshipBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347Peer Reviewe

Simultaneous attenuation of trace organics and change in organic matter composition in the hyporheic zone of urban streams

Trace organic compounds (TrOCs) enter rivers with discharge of treated wastewater. These effluents can contain high loads of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In a 48 h field study, we investigated changes in molecular composition of seven DOM compound classes (FTICR-MS) and attenuation of 17 polar TrOCs in a small urban stream receiving treated wastewater. Correlations between TrOCs and DOM were used to identify simultaneous changes in surface water and the hyporheic zone. Changes in TrOC concentrations in surface water ranged between a decrease of 29.2% for methylbenzotriazole and an increase of 152.2% for the transformation product gabapentin-lactam. In the hyporheic zone, only decreasing TrOC concentrations were observed, ranging from 4.9% for primidone to 93.8% for venlafaxine . TrOC attenuation coincided with a decline of molecular diversity of easily biodegradable DOM compound classes while molecular diversity of poorly biodegradable DOM compound classes increased. This concurrence indicates similar or linked attenuation pathways for biodegradable DOM and TrOCs. Strong correlations between TrOCs and DOM compound classes as well as high attenuation of TrOCs primarily occurred in the hyporheic zone. This suggests high potential for DOM turnover and TrOC mitigation in rivers if hyporheic exchange is sufficient.German Research Foundation (DFG)European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreementBattelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of EnergyPeer Reviewe

Eignung verschiedener Körnerleguminosen als Vorfrucht für Winterweizen in ökologischen Fruchtfolgen

The Aim of this study has been to evaluate in two two-year field trials the pre-crop effect of different grain legumes (e.g. soy bean, peas or lupines) in the same environment and to detect possible effects of grain legumes on the N-supply, the yield potential and the yield structure of the subsequent crop winter wheat. According to different pre-crop yields, a higher but different nitrogen supply for subsequent winter wheat was observed in all N2-fixing pre-crop treatments. In contrast to non-fixings control higher NO3-N contents in soil and higher yields in subsequent winter wheat (up to 24 dt*ha- 1 surplus) were observed

Einfluss der Mykorrhizierung auf die N-Rhizodeposition der Erbse im Laufe der Vegetation

Below-ground plant N (BGN) of grain legumes is an important N pool for subsequent crops. Especially the easily available rhizodeposits (RD) provide an important N input, which might also be relevant in mixed stands. The objective of the present study was to estimate the time course of the BGN, especially RD-N, and the effect of mycorrhization on RD-N. Therefore, the quantity of RD-N of peas with and without mycorrhiza (Frisson and P2) was estimated at four different growth stages. The results show that the relative contribution of BGN to total plant N was equal in both varieties during the growing season. The contribution of RD-N to total plant N decreased over time. Mycorrhization did not affect the quantity of N-rhizodeposition. Consequences for mixed cropping systems will be further investigated in the project

Eignung von Bradyrhizobien-Impfpräparaten zur Inokulation von Sojabohnen

Wie jede andere Leguminose, kann auch die Sojabohne (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) mit Hilfe von Soja-spezifischen Knöllchenbakterien (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) Luft-Stickstoff binden. Da die Bradyrhizobien natürlicherweise nicht in den mitteleuropäischen Böden vorkommen, müssen die Samen der Sojabohne mit kommerziell verfügbaren Bradyrhizobien-Impfpräparaten inokuliert werden. Beim Anbau hat sich in den letzten Jahren jedoch gezeigt, dass die Inokulation vor allem in kühleren Klimaten bei einzelnen Präparaten zu unzuverlässiger Knöllchenbildung und damit ungenügender Stickstoffbindung führen kann. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Eignung kommerziell verfügbarer Bradyrhizobien-Impfpräparate zur Inokulation der Sojabohne zu prüfen

ABILITY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SOYBEAN BRADYRHIZOBIA INOCULANTS FOR COOL GROWING CONDITIONS IN CENTRAL EUROPE

In Central Europe the inoculation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with different Bradyrhizobia inoculants has led to unsatisfying nodulation results under low temperature conditions. The aim of this study was to test the capacity of commercially available inoculants under cool growing conditions in Central Europe. In 2011 and 2012 four Bradyrhizobia inoculants were tested on three early soybean varieties in a field trial in Germany. The number of nodules, yield and protein content were assessed. Two years data showed a successful nodulation of Product 4, Product 3 and Product 2 while Product 1 cannot be recommended. Independently of soybean variety, all of the three successful inoculants can be advised regarding grain yield. Protein content and protein yield depend on the combination of inoculants and soybean variety. Over the years Product 4 was the most reliable inoculant