Reaction of N-arylsulfonylaziridines with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide in the presence of 18-crown-6–An improved synthesis of 2-aryl-N-arylsulfonylazetidines

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Targeting mulitple dyslipidemias with fixed combinations – focus on extended release niacin and simvastatin

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Several pharmacological agents have been developed over the past 50 years which target various lipid components such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Similar to other risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the management of dyslipidemia can be complicated and may require combination therapy for effective treatment. This review discusses the biochemical mechanisms of action and clinical uses for simvastatin (the most widely available and commercially prescribed statin) and niacin, and the combination of these agents in the management and treatment of dyslipidemia

First trimester serum vitamin D, hs-CRP and second trimester uterine artery diastolic notching in predicting gestational hypertension and preeclampsia

Background: Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to study prediction of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia by using first trimester serum vitamin D and hs-CRP and second trimester uterine artery diastolic notching.Methods: It was an observational study conducted in the departments of obstetrics and gynaecology, clinical biochemistry and radiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India. All pregnant women with 11 to 14 weeks gestational age attending antenatal clinic between October 2012 and June 2013 were enrolled in the study. A detailed history including history of the duration of sun exposure was taken and a general physical examination including obstetrical examination was done at every visit. Serum sample were taken for hs-CRP and vitamin-D levels at 11-14 weeks. Uterine artery colour doppler study was done between 22-24 weeks for uterine artery diastolic notching. The main outcome measures were development of gestational hypertension/ preeclampsia/ eclampsia.Results: The mean vitamin D levels were significantly lower and mean hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive group as compared to the normotensive group, p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively. Significant number women who developed hypertension had unilateral (46.2%) or bilateral (20.4%) uterine artery diastolic notching, p=0.005 and p=0.000, respectively. Crude’s odds ratio of uterine artery diastolic notching for prediction of hypertension in pregnancy was high, 9.894, 95% CI, 3.273-29.907 as compared to vitamin D (9.15 mg/L), 2.859, 95% CI, 1.418-5.763 and 7.16, 95% CI, 3.33-15.397.Conclusions: Uterine artery diastolic notching in the early second trimester is found to be the best predictor of PE followed by first trimester hs-CRP and vitamin D

Reaction of ɑ-halosilanes with N-arylide-nearylsulfonamides-Attempted synthesis of N-arylsulfonylaziridines

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Upright kneeling position during second stage of labor: a pilot study

Background: Women delivering in upright position have shorter labour due to efficient and stronger contractions with faster descent of foetal head. The present study aimed to find out effect of upright kneeling position in the second stage of labour on maternal and foetal outcome and assess patients’ satisfaction.Methods: The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of North India from October 2012 to February 2014. Low risk women admitted in early labour were divided into two groups, women delivering in kneeling position and in supine position. The outcome measures studied were, duration of second stage of labour, mode of delivery, 2nd degree perineal tears, Apgar scores at 5 minutes, NICU admission rate and patient satisfaction.Results: The mean duration of second stage of labour in kneeling group was shorter by 14.901 minutes. The rate of vaginal delivery was comparable for both primigravidas and multigravida in kneeling and supine groups, RR: 2.275, 95% CI (0.7872-6.5831) and RR: 1.633, 95% CI (0.393-6.775). Primigravidas had more 2nd degree perineal tears in kneeling group as compared to supine, RR 4.191, 95% CI (1.54 to 11.41). No difference in Apgar scores >7 at 5 minutes was observed in both groups, however, significantly lesser babies in kneeling group were admitted in NICU, RR 0.246, 95% CI (0.079 to 0.761). There was no difference on comparing satisfaction scores of primigravidas and multigravida in both supine and kneeling position.Conclusions: Kneeling position reduces the duration of second stage of labour and NICU admissions

Some New Correlation Coefficient Measures Based on Fermatean Fuzzy Sets using Decision Making Approach in Pattern Analysis and Supplier Selection

Fermatean fuzzy set (FFS) is an effective tool to depict expert reasoning information in the decision‐making process than fuzzy sets (FS), intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS), and Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFS). Keeping in mind the importance of correlation coefficient and application in medical diagnosis, decision making and pattern recognition, several studies on correlation coefficient measures have been proposed in the literature. As there does not exist any study concerning correlation coefficient measures for FFS, in this communication, we propose novel entropy-correlation measures for Fermatean fuzzy sets and applied it decision making problems of pattern analysis and multi-criteria decision making for supplier selection. With the help of proposed correlation coefficient, we establish some weighted measures for FFS. Using numerical computations, we determine the efficacy of the suggested measures over other measures. The aim of this study is to propose a novel and efficient methodology for evaluation of supplier’s selection with uncertain information. Finally, we establish the comparative study of our developed measures over the existing correlation coefficient measures. The analysis showed that the suggested methodology is reliable, flexible, and consistent with the existing techniques

Finger Millet:A "Certain" Crop for an "Uncertain" Future and a Solution to Food Insecurity and Hidden Hunger under Stressful Environments

Crop growth and productivity has largely been vulnerable to various abiotic and biotic stresses that are only set to be compounded due to global climate change. Therefore developing improved varieties and designing newer approaches for crop improvement against stress tolerance have become a priority now-a-days. However, most of the crop improvement strategies are directed toward staple cereals such as rice, wheat, maize etc., whereas attention on minor cereals such as finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] lags far behind. It is an important staple in several semi-arid and tropical regions of the world with excellent nutraceutical properties as well as ensuring food security in these areas even during harsh environment. This review highlights the importance of finger millet as a model nutraceutical crop. Progress and prospects in genetic manipulation for the development of abiotic and biotic stress tolerant varieties is also discussed. Although limited studies have been conducted for genetic improvement of finger millets, its nutritional significance in providing minerals, calories and protein makes it an ideal model for nutrition-agriculture research. Therefore, improved genetic manipulation of finger millets for resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as for enhancing nutrient content will be very effective in millet improvementpublishersversionPeer reviewe

Novel Sp family-like transcription factors are present in adult insect cells and are involved in transcription from the polyhedrin gene initiator promoter

We earlier documented the involvement of a cellular factor, polyhedrin (polh) promoter-binding protein, in transcription from the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polh gene promoter. Sequences upstream of the polh promoter were found to influence polh promoter-driven transcription. Analysis of one such region, which could partially compensate for the mutated polh promoter and also activate transcription from the wild-type promoter, revealed a sequence (AcSp) containing a CACCC motif and a loose GC box resembling the binding motifs of the transcription factor Sp1. AcSp and the consensus Sp1 sequence (cSp) specifically bound factor(s) in HeLa and Spodoptera frugiperda(Sƒ9) insect cell nuclear extracts to generate identical binding patterns, indicating the similar nature of the factor(s) interacting with these sequences. The AcSp and cSp oligonucleotides enhanced in vivo expression of a polh promoter-driven luciferase gene. In vivo mopping of these factor(s) significantly reduced transcription from the polh promoter. Recombinant viruses carrying deletions in the upstream AcSp sequence confirmed the requirement of these factor(s) in polh promoter-driven transcription in the viral context. We demonstrate for the first time DNA-protein interactions involving novel members of the Sp family of proteins in adult insect cells and their involvement in transcription from the polh promoter

Access to finance: an empirical analysis

YesFinancial access is gradually being recognised as an important input to economic development. Using World Bank (2007) database, this study measures the extent of financial access in developed and developing countries. Further, it develops a new Socio-Economic Development Index, which incorporates financial access. It then compares socio-economic development of various countries as shown by Human Development Index (HDI) alone and by the new index incorporating financial access. The results of the study show that Spain ranks highest in terms of financial access followed by Belgium, Malta and South Korea. In addition, the ranking of countries in terms of HDI changes if financial access is taken into accoun