Quantification of aerobically cultivable bacteria in wild type and IL-4Rα^-/- mice.

<p>Counts of colony forming units (CFU) derived from luminal content of (A) ileum, (B) cecum and (C) colon of WT (naïve: open circles; d14 p.i. black circles) and IL-4Rα^-/- mice (naïve: open triangles; d14 p.i. black triangles). Mean ± SEM of 5-6 mice per group is shown. CFU: colony forming units, EC: enterococci, EB: <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, LB: Lactobacilli; ** p < 0.005.</p

<i>Cytokineproduction</i> by mLN cells during acute <i>H</i>. <i>p</i><i>. bakeri</i> infection.

<p>IL-4 (A), IL-13 (B), IFN-γ (C), IL-10 (D), TGF-β (E) and IL-17A (F) were measured in mLN culture supernatants with (ConA, H.p.b-Ag) or without (-) stimulation. Cells were derived from naïve controls and mice at day 14 post infection. Mean + SEM is shown for 5 mice per group. H.p.b. Ag: <i>H</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>bakeri</i> antigen; Con A: concanavalin A; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.005.</p

Analysis of 16S rRNA gene-based real-time PCR amplification of intestinal bacterial groups.

<p>Detected DNA levels in luminal content from (A) ileum, (B) cecum and (C) colon of naive (open circles) and acutely infected (day 14 post infection, black circles) mice were calculated as 16S rRNA copy numbers per ng DNA extract. Mean ± SEM is shown for 4-5 mice per group. DB: domain bacteria, γ-p/EB: γ<i>-Proteobacteria/Enterobacteriaceae</i>, LB: Lactobacilli, C IV: <i>Clostridium</i> cluster IV, C XIV a/b: <i>Clostridium</i> cluster XIV a/b, B: <i>Bacteroides</i> group, MIB: mouse intestinal <i>Bacteroides</i>, EC: Enterococci, n.d.: not detectable. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.005 compared to naïve.</p

Proportions of intestinal bacterial group based on 16S rRNA gene real-time PCR.

<p>Pie charts represent the mean frequencies for the main bacterial phyla in (A) ileum, (B) cecum and (C) colon as detected in 4-5 mice per group. Abundance was calculated using the phylum-specific 16S gene copy numbers per ng DNA in relation to the amounts of the DNA copy numbers for the domain <i>Bacteria</i> set to 100%. p.i.: post <i>H</i>. <i>p</i><i>. bakeri</i> infection.</p