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Not AvailableThe osmotic dehydration is that the water diffuses from dilute solution to concentrated solution (hypertonic solution) through a semi-permeable membrane until concentration equilibrium is reached. The driving force is the water activity gradient caused due to the osmotic pressure. In the present investigation, higher weight loss and solid gain were observed in Allahabad Safeda slices than the Pink Flesh. Higher moisture loss was observed in osmosed Pink Flesh slices than Allahabad Safeda. Maximum effect on the weight loss 34.55 per cent, moisture loss 53.24 per cent, solid gain 13.97 per cent, were observed when guava slices were pre treated with 70o Brix syrup for 24 hours (T9). It was also observed that an increase in duration of osmosis and syrup concentration increased weight loss, moisture loss and solid gain in slices of both Allahabad Safeda and Pink Flesh. The osmosed slices prepared from Pink Flesh variety recorded lower (43.91%) moisture content than the Allahabad Safeda (46.81%). Dried yield was highest in Allahabad Safeda (34.73%) than Pink Flesh (33.79%). In case of variety Allahabad Safeda the drying ratio of osmotically dehydrated slices ranged from 2.58: 1 to 3.02: 1. In case of variety Pink Flesh the drying ratio of osmotically dehydrated slices ranged from 2.46: 1 to 3.23: 1. Osmotic treatment of guava slices 70o Brix syrup for 24 hours (T9) resulted in highest yield and lowest drying ratio.Not Availabl

Taale beleyalli samagra neerina nirvahane (Integrated water management in oil palm)

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PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES FOR INTRODUCTION OF OIL PALM IN INDIA

Not AvailableOil palm is a crop of future and source for diversification, value addition, health and nutrition, waste land utilization and ecofriendly. NBPGR have been introduced 154 accessions from Sierra Leone, Czech Republic, Nigeria, Malaysia, Canada, Singapore, Cameroon, Belgium, Tanzania, Zambia, Costa Rica. Oil palm germplasm from Pupua New Guinea (EC197907, EC197908), Malaysia (EC99313, EC99353), Indonesia (EC159876 to 877) and hybrids as in vitro cultures (EC332236 to 304) from Costa Rica and Cameroon were also introduced. Also two accessions of American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera) were introduced from Malaysia and Costa Rica and planted at Palode, Kerala. During the year 2000, two advanced generations of Dura accessions were imported from Costa Rica. Future emphasis is for introduction of specific genotypes with desirable traits like high productivity, oil yield and superior oil quality and dwarf palms. Yield promissing dura palms are suitable for irrigated and stress environments, resistant to pests and diseases, pollinating weevils, other pests like Psychid, Slug catterpillars and leaf web worms are needed to be introduced. Major source countries are African countries (Ghana, Nigeria) for high yielding dwarf and drought tolerant material; South and Central America (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ivory Coast) for Elaesis oleifera material having high yield, compact canopy, drought tolerance and high oil quality; South Asian countries (Malaysia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea) for high yielding and good oil quality varieties.Not Availabl

Seed, field and procedural standards for oil palm seed production

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Not AvailableIndia has a good amount of diversity in spices like black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, tamarind and garcinia. The other important spices relevant to India are coriander, fennel, fenugreek, cumin, nutmeg, clove and vanilla. Introduction of useful germplasm from exotic sources has been one of the major activities of National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi. More than 1000 accessions of spices and condiments have been introduced from diverse ecological areas of the world. Some accessions with specific traits are namely ginger-extra bold, low fiber, high dry recovery, small rhizomes, round fingers, compact rhizomes, globose smooth, close nodes, firm, long and slender rhizome ; Apium spp-tolerant to high temperatures and long duration type coriander. Major source countries were Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Israel, Mauritius, Nepal, Russia, UK and USA. These accessions were utilized in various crop improvements and breeding programs. Future emphasis is to introduce specific genotypes with special characters especially like high quality lines and lines resistant to various biotic and abiotic stresses, early maturing erect, long spikes with high alkaloid content, bold seeded and suitable for high density planting.Not Availabl