Additional file 1 of Malaria vaccine coverage estimation using age-eligible populations and service user denominators in Kenya

Additional file 1: Table S1. Kenya national Extended Programme for Immunisation (EPI) vaccine schedule. Figure S1. Flowchart of the selection process to determine facilities routinely offering vaccination services in RTS, S/AS01 intervention areas (23 sub-counties) from DHIS2 listing. Figure S2. Gantt chart illustration of numerator and denominator counts used for coverage computation. Figure S3. Annual population density maps of children under 1 year within RTS,S/AS01 implementation sub-counties for the years 2019-2022. Table S2. Characteristics of 537 vaccinating facilities within the 23 implementation sub-counties. Figure S4. Animation of cumulative Penta 1 and RTS,S/AS01 vaccines administered at facility level from September 2019 to August 2022 (N = 537). Figure S5. Chart showing sub-county coverage rankings of RTS,S/AS01 vaccine doses for each denominator

Fig 4 -

(A) Anaemia prevalence for each school catchment (computed from empirical Hb measurements), (B) Spatial scan statistics results of anaemia clusters for schools, (C) Spatial scan statistics results of anaemia clusters for villages and (D) LISA cluster map showing anaemia hotspots (red) and cold spots (blue). The corresponding LISA significance map in shown in S2 Fig. The Western Kenya county level shapefile was based on County Integrated Development Plans 2021 [22].</p

Combined bar and line charts.

The bar chart shows the variation in anaemia prevalence by age (5–14 yrs) and the line graph shows mean Hb (adjusted for altitude) by gender across all age groups (5–14 yrs).</p

LISA significance map.

The Western Kenya county level shapefile was based on the County Integrated Development Plans 2021 [22]. (TIF)</p

S1 File -

Anaemia surveillance has overlooked school-aged children (SAC), hence information on this age group is scarce. This study examined the spatial variation of anaemia prevalence among SAC (5–14 years) in western Kenya, a region associated with high malaria infection rates. A total of 8051 SAC were examined from 82 schools across eight counties in Western Kenya in February 2022. Haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were assessed at the school and village level and anaemia defined as Hb</div

Thiessen polygons representing 82 school catchment areas.

The Western Kenya shapefile was based on the County Integrated Development Plans 2021 [22]. (TIF)</p

Box plot of the prevalence rates across clusters identified by SatScan and LISA cluster analysis.

(A) shows distribution of anaemia prevalence across schools and villages in cluster 1 and cluster 2 identified from SatScan analysis; (B) shows distribution of anaemia prevalence across High-High, High-Low, Low-High and Low-Low LISA clusters.</p

Fig 3 -

(A) Variation of mean Hb (adjusted for altitude) for each age (5–14 yrs) across the 82 schools. The blanks in white indicate missing samples for that age group. (B) Boxplots showing the distribution of anaemia prevalence among schools by county.</p

Study area map.

Map of Western Kenya showing the distribution of schools and villages across the eight counties. The Western Kenya county and sub-county level shapefile was based on the County Integrated Development Plans 2021 [22].</p

Summary statistics of Hb concentration (g/dl) by age category and sex across counties.

Summary statistics of Hb concentration (g/dl) by age category and sex across counties.</p