Time evolution of spin state of radical ion pair in microwave field: An analytical solution

The paper reports an exact solution for the problem of spin evolution of radical ion pair in static magnetic and resonant microwave field taking into account Zeeman and hyperfine interactions and spin relaxation. The values of parameters that provide one of the four possible types of solution are analysed. It is demonstrated that in the absence of spin relaxation, besides the zero field invariant an invariant at large amplitudes of the resonant microwave field can be found. The two invariants open the possibility for simple calculation of microwave pulses to control quantum state of the radical pair. The effect of relaxation on the invariants is analysed and it is shown that changes in the high field invariant are induced by phase relaxation.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Fractal formation and ordering in random sequential adsorption

We reveal the fractal nature of patterns arising in random sequential adsorption of particles with continuum power-law size distribution, $P(R)\sim R^{\alpha-1}$, $R \le R_{\rm max}$. We find that the patterns become more and more ordered as $\alpha$ increases, and that the Apollonian packing is obtained at $\alpha \to \infty$ limit. We introduce the entropy production rate as a quantitative criteria of regularity and observe a transition from an irregular regime of the pattern formation to a regular one. We develop a scaling theory that relates kinetic and structural properties of the system.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 4 postscript figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.Let

Picosecond pulse radiolysis: Dynamics of solvated electrons in ionic liquid and geminate ion recombination in liquid alkanes

金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系A picosecond pulse radiolysis facility based on a laser-driven photocathode electron accelerator has been constructed. First observation of picosecond dynamics in ionic liquid of DEMMA-TFSI in radiation chemistry was reported. It is found that the electrons produced by ionization are solvated to full solvation in ionic liquid with a rate constant of 3.9×1010 s-1, and dry electrons before full solvation react rapidly with biphenyl and pyrene with a rate constant of 3.8-7.9×1011 dm3 mol-1 s-1. The geminate ion recombination in n-dodecane and n-hexane was also observed by monitoring transient optical absorption at 523 nm. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Management of advertising campaign planning in the pharmaceutical sector of the e-commerce market

General trends in the Russian advertising market are observed in the pharmaceutical segment as well as in the others. Advertising, implementing during distance advanced training, which is mandatory for pharmacists and medical workers, extension of analytics capabilities on digital sites and increasing consumer awareness has become the trend of recent years. The digital segment of the pharmaceutical market lags significantly behind the same segment in other areas, for example, in the market of daily demand goods, but the situation is beginning to change. In the shifting digital environment of the market, advertising service providers need to adapt to new conditions and offer the client (the manufacturer of pharmaceuticals or the agency that represents its interests) advertising campaigns most relevant for their needs. In order to optimize the time spent by employees on the designing the advertising campaigns, as well as to speed up the training of new employees, the authors of the article have created a methodology for quick construction of advertising campaigns, based on 4 main issues. It requires the choice of the segment to which the customer belongs, from the three proposed options, the assessment of its goals and objectives, the budget and special wishes for advertising options, as well as the choice of the promotion period. The method has shown its effectiveness in practice, as evidenced by the description of three cases of its verification on real clients. An analysis of the directions of advertising, recommendations on the use of new opportunities in the pharmaceutical advertising market in Russia, as well as a detailed analysis of the answers to each of the questions, when designing an advertising campaign in this market have been made in the article

Effect of High Energy Ion Implantation on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloys

The effect of implantation of Ne⁺, Kr⁺, and Bi⁺ ions over the energy range 26-710 MeV on the structural-phase state and the mechanical properties of the aluminum-based alloys (Al-Cu, Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Cu-Zn, Al-Mn) was studied. The revealed peculiarities of variations in the structure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys are attributed to the electron deceleration of ions making the principal contribution to the formation of radiation defects which enhance the diffusion processes in the targets